[18] Layamon’s work supposed to date (there being only internal evidence of its epoch) in the first decade of the thirteenth century. Vid. MARSH: _English Language and Early Literature_. Lecture IV. An edition, with translation, was published by Sir Frederic Madden in 1857. [19] Among other direct Arthurian growths may be noted MORRIS’S _Defence of Guinevere_; ARNOLD’S _Tristram and Issult_; QUINET’S _Merlin_, WAGNER’S Operatic Poems, and SMITH’S _Edwin of Deira_. [20] ORDERIC VITALIS, b. 1075; d. 1150. Of Abbey of St. Evroult, in Normandy. An edition of his _Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy_ was published in 1826, with notice of writer, by GUIZOT. [21] WILLIAM OF MALMSBURY: dates uncertain; his record terminates with year 1143. [22] MATTHEW PARIS, 1200-1259, a monk of St. Albans. His _Historia Major_ extends from 1235 to 1259. [23] WILLIAM OF NEWBURGH, b. 1136; d. 1208. New edition of his record (_Hist. Rerum Anglicarum_), edited by RICHARD HOWLET, published in 1884. [24] ROGER DE HOVEDEN of twelfth century, (date uncertain.) His annals first published in 1595. [25] I do not mean to say that Scott’s portraitures may be taken as archæologic data, or that one in search of the last and minutest truths respecting our Welsh or Saxon progenitors should not go to more recondite sources; meantime you will get very much from the reading of Scott to aid you in forming an image of those times; and, what is better still, you will very likely carry from the Romancer’s glowing pages a sharpened appetite for the more careful but duller work of the historians proper. [26] I give fragment of one, of the reign of Edward II., cited by MR. MARSH: p. 247, _English Language and Early Literature_. “Quant honme deit parleir, videat qua verba loquatur; Sen covent aver, ne stultior inveniatur, Quando quis loquitur, bote resoun reste therynne Derisum patitur, ant lutel so shal he wynne,” _etc._ [27] Robert of Gloucester lived in the latter part of the thirteenth century, perhaps surviving into the fourteenth. In addition to his _Chronicle of England_, he is thought to have written _Lives and Legends of the English Saints_. [28] _Il milione di Messer Marco Polo, Veneziano._ Florence, 1827. MARCO POLO d. 1323. [29] ODORIC, a priest of Pordenone in Friuli, who went on Church mission about 1318. His narrative is to be found in the _Ramusio Col._, 2d Vol. 1574. CARPINI (JOANNES _de Plano_), was a Franciscan from near Perugia, who travelled East about 1245. HAKLUYT has portions of his narrative: but full text is only in _Recueil de Voyages_, Vol. IV., by M. D’AVEZAC. [30] Messrs. NICHOLSON and YULE, who are sponsors for the elaborate article in the _Br. Ency._ [31] Page 407, chap. viii.