WILLIAM CLARKSON STANFIELD (1793--1867) holds one of the highest places among English landscape and marine painters. Beginning life as a sailor in the Royal Navy, he sketched vessels as they passed his own. A severe fall compelled retirement from the navy. He began his art career as a scene-painter in the Old Royalty Theatre, Wellclose Square, and later became scene-painter to Drury Lane Theatre. His first exhibited picture was _A River Scene_ in the Academy, 1820. In the same year _A Study from Nature_ was at the British Institution. He exhibited _Ben Venu_, and _A Coast Scene_, at the Institution in 1822. In 1824, he was a foundation-member of the Society of British Artists, and sent five pictures to their first exhibition in that year. Stanfield's large _Wreckers off Fort Rouge_, was exhibited at the British Institution in 1828. In 1827 appeared _A Calm_, in the Royal Academy. From that time Stanfield's success was assured. His truthfulness in reading nature, whether in naval battle scenes, views of foreign sea-ports, or mountain and river scenery, has seldom if ever been surpassed. He became a full member of the Academy in 1835. An unwearied worker, he exhibited one hundred and thirty-two pictures at the Royal Academy. We may mention _The Battle of Trafalgar_; _The Victory, with Nelson's Body on board, towed into Gibraltar_; _Entrance to the Zuyder Zee_; _Lake of Como_, and _The Canal of the Giudecca, Venice_ (all in the National Gallery). Among his earlier works are _Mount St. Michael, Cornwall_; _A Storm_; _A Fisherman off Honfleur_, and _The Opening of New London Bridge_. [Illustration: TERMINATI MARINA. _By_ STANFIELD. A.D. 1840. _In the possession of the Marquis of Lansdowne._] JAMES BAKER PYNE (1800--1870), born in Bristol, began life in a solicitor's office, which he quitted to make a precarious subsistence by painting, teaching, or restoring pictures. He went to London in 1835, where a picture exhibited a year after at the Academy attracted notice, and opened the way of success. He became famous as a delineator of lake scenery, and for _pseudo_-Turner-like treatment of sunlight effects.