Great Britain. Royal Commission on Poor Laws and Relief of Distress; Poor -- Great Britain; Poor laws -- Great Britain
[589] There are few statutory provisions of this period which
affect the institutional treatment of children, and these few deal
simply with financial questions. It is worth noting, however, that
they tend to improve accommodation, as they facilitate increased
expenditure, by allowing a larger sum to be raised for building,
fitting up, and furnishing Metropolitan District Schools (Poor Law
Loans Act 1872, 35 Vic. c. 2, sec. 1), and by allowing the
expenses of maintenance in a certified school to be paid up to any
limit to be fixed by the Local Government Board; and provide
against over-crowding by allowing no repayment from the common
poor fund in respect of children in a school in excess of a
maximum number fixed for the school by the board. The special
provisions for the education of defective children will be
considered under the heading "Defectives."
(ii.) _In Poor Law Schools_
The main preoccupation of the Central Authority since 1871, so far as
children are concerned, has been the increase, progressive improvement,
and novel development of the Poor Law school entirely removed from the
workhouse.[590] The recommendations and incitements to boards of
guardians to remove from the workhouse the healthy children of school
age are incessant down to 1900.[591] Such children are ordinarily
accommodated in Poor Law schools, either district schools, where these
exist, or much more frequently "separated" or "workhouse schools," which
may be of the old aggregated type, or "cottage homes" or "scattered
homes." The dramatic change from the views of 1850 is the abandonment of
the "district school." The aggregated type, held in such esteem
previously to 1871, fell gradually into disfavour, and is now known as
the "barrack school." Already in 1871 Mr. Corbett was criticising these
schools as being far too large (as well as too indiscriminate in the
kind of children admitted) to be really successful.[592] After repeated
outbreaks of malignant ophthalmia, and continued experience of the
mental drawbacks, especially of the large girls' schools, the Central
Authority abandoned its policy, and presently came to decline to
sanction proposals which would have the effect of "extending the large
schools in the Metropolis and ... most readily [to] entertain any
proposals for applying to other purposes any of these large buildings,
subject to other provision of a suitable character being made for the
children."[593] The barrack school system grew up out of the five
Metropolitan school districts; these also therefore shared in the
condemnation, and in 1899 two had been dissolved.[594]
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