English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
History
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
We are not without traces of its existence in other compounds. Thus our
‘Marshalls’ were originally ‘marechals;’ that is, ‘mare-schalks,’ the
early name for a horse-groom or blacksmith. The Marshall, however, was
early turned into an indoor office, and seems to have been busied enough
in ordering the position of guests in the hall, a very punctilious
affair in those days. The ‘Boke of Curtasye’ says:—
In halle marshalle alle men schalle sett,
After their degre, withouten lett.
Our ‘Gateschales,’ a name now altogether obsolete, were the more simple
porter, while our ‘Gottschalks,’ a surname more frequently hailing from
Germany, but once common with ourselves as a Christian name, denote
simply ‘God’s servant.’ But we are wandering. Let us come back to the
dinner-table. Such sobriquets as ‘Ralph le Suur’[205] or ‘John le Sewer’
remind us of the _sewer_—he who brought in the viands.[206] A _sewe_,
from the old French sevre, to follow, was any cooked dish, and thus is
simply equivalent to our _course_. Chaucer, in describing the rich
feasts of Cambuscan, King of Tartary, says the time would fail him to
tell—
Of their strange sewes.
I believe the Queen’s household still boasts its four gentlemen sewers.
As a surname, too, the word is still common. A curious custom presents
itself to our remembrance in our ‘Says,’ who, when not of the ‘de Says’
(‘Hugh de Say,’ A.), are but descendants of the ‘le Says’ (‘John le
Say,’ M.) of the Hundred Rolls. An ‘assay’ or ‘say’ was he who assayed
or tasted the messes as they were set one by one before the baron, to
guard against his being accidentally or purposely poisoned. An old poem
uses the fuller form, where it says—
Thine assayer schalle be an hownde,
To assaye thy mete before thee.
In the ‘Boke of Curtasye,’ too, we are told to what ranks this privilege
belonged—
No mete for man schalle sayed be,
But for kynge, or prynce, or duke so fre.[207]
Another term for the same made its mark upon our nomenclature as
‘Gustur’ (‘Robert le Gustur,’ T.) To _gust_ was thus used till
Shakespeare’s day, and we still speak of ‘_gusto_’ as equivalent to
_relish_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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