English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
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English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
Loves him in crouth and timpane,
Loves him in stringes and organe.
Wicklyffe, too, translates Luke xv. 25 as follows:—‘But his eldre sone
was in the feeld, and whaune he cam and neighede to the hous he herde a
symfonye and a crowde.’[310] Like our ‘Harpers’ and more northern
‘Bairds,’ the ‘Crowder’ or ‘Crowther’ (for as surnames both forms exist)
was oftentimes blind, and thus gained the ear of an audience, if not
appreciative, at least sympathetic. Seldom, indeed, did he leave
cottage, or hall festival, or fair, without a guerdon, and a kind word
to boot; for while customs fade out and die, pity, thank God, knows
neither change of season nor chance of time. Mediæval forms of the above
may be found in ‘Richard le Cruder’ or ‘Thomas le Crowder.’ But we have
yet several more surnames to mention which prove the once great
popularity of this latter class of instrument. ‘German le Lutrere’ and
‘John le Leuter’ have left no descendants, I think.[311] The more common
term was lutanist, but of this I have found no instance. While the lute
had generally ten strings, and was struck by the hand, the viele or viol
had six, was of stronger make, and was played with a bow. It seems to
have been a favourite instrument in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries, for such registrations as ‘Benedict le Viler,’ ‘Nicholas le
Vylour,’ ‘Wyot le Vilur,’ or ‘Jacob le Vielur,’ occur with tolerable
frequency at that period. Another Norman-introduced word was that of
‘gigue,’ or ‘gig.’ This, however, seems to have differed from the others
in being of the very roughest manufacture, and made specially for
professional dancers. These ‘giguers’ were extremely popular at rural
festivals of any kind. At one and the same instant they would be
tripping it round on the ‘light fantastic toe,’ singing some not too
select verses, accompanying themselves on their sturdy instrument, and
yet would have a hand to spare for a trifle if you should offer it. If
you doubted it you had but to try them. It is thus we have got our
‘jig,’ our ‘gigot,’ or leg of mutton, too, being so called from its
resemblance thereto. The surnominal form is found in such entries as
‘Walter le Gigur,’ or ‘Alexander le Gygur,’ but I doubt whether either
is represented now. The last of this class of instrumentalists we may
mention is ‘William le Sautreour,’ he who struck the ‘gay sawtrye,’ as
Chaucer terms it. The more correct form of the word was ‘psaltery.’ It
was specially used as an accompaniment for the voice, hence it is freely
used in this sense in the Authorized Version. I do not doubt myself that
some of our ‘Salters’ are but a change rung on the mediæval ‘Sawtrer.’
The ‘Fluter,’ I believe, has left no descendants, but in ‘Nicholas le
Floutere’ he was to be met with at this date, and, I need not say, would
be as familiar as he would be acceptable on such an occasion as this.
The lusty young Squire was so musical that—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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