English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
History
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
It was the same with our ‘Burrels’ (‘Roger Burell,’ J., ‘Robert Burell,’
R.), whom I have already had occasion to mention. So familiar was this
cloth that the poorer classes acquired from it the sobriquet of
‘borelfolk.’ This is only analogous to the French ‘grisette,’ from the
grey cheap stuff she usually wore. Our ‘Blankets’ (‘Robert Blanket,’ B.,
‘John Blanket,’ X.) or ‘Blanchets’ or ‘Plunkets,’[493] for all these
forms are found, are in the same way but relics of the time when the
colourless woollen mixture, called by all these names, was in everyday
demand, whether for dress or coverlet. A story has been spread abroad
that our woollen ‘blanket’ owes its origin to a man of that name, who
first manufactured it. Even otherwise well-informed writers have lent
themselves to the furtherance of this fable. ‘Blanket’ was originally
the name of a cheap woollen cloth, used for the apparel of the lower
orders, and so entitled from its pale and colourless hue, just as
_russet_ and _burrel_ were in vogue to express similar manufactures of
more decided colours. It was but the Norman form of the Saxon ‘whittle,’
once the household word for this fabric. Thus we find it occurring in an
old Act, already referred to, passed in 1363, to restrict the dress of
the peasantry:—All people not possessing 40 shillings’ worth of goods
and chattels ‘ne usent nule manere de drap, si noun blanket et russet,
laune de xii_d._,’ that is, shall not take nor wear any manner of cloth,
but blanket and russet wool of twelvepence. (_Stat. Realm_, vol. i. p.
381.) An old indenture of goods contains the following:—‘Item, 1 olde
Kendale gowne, and a hood of the same, pris ix_d._, the gowne lynyd with
white blanket.’ (_Mun. Acad. Oxon._, p. 566.) Both ‘Whittle’ and
‘Blanket’ are existing surnames. The reader will see from these
references alone that, whether in the case of the man or the
manufacture, it is the colour, or rather lack of colour, which has given
the sobriquet. Our ‘Greenmans,’ whether as surname or tavern sign, are
but sprung from the old forester—
Clad in cote and hode of grene,
of Lincoln or Kendal make. The ‘Greenman’ was a favourite rural
signboard, and I doubt not the reader will have seen it occasionally
swinging still in the more retired parts of the country. Crabbe knew it
well in his day—
But the ‘Green Man’ shall I pass by unsung,
Which mine own James upon his signpost hung?
His sign, his image—for he once was seen
A squire’s attendant, clad in keeper’s green.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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