English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
History
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
Wodehouse,’ ‘Stannus’ but ‘Stanehouse’ or ‘Stonehouse,’ ‘Malthus’ but
‘Malthouse,’ and ‘Bacchus’ is found originally as ‘del Bakehouse.’[126]
The old ‘Atte Grene,’ a name familiar enough without the prefix, may be
set beside our ‘Plastows,’ relics of the ‘Atte Pleistowe’ or ‘de la
Pleystowe’ of the period we are considering. The ‘play-stowe’ (that is,
‘playground’) seems to have been the general term in olden days for the
open piece of greensward near the centre of the village where the
may-pole stood, and where all the sports at holiday times and wake tides
were carried on.[127] Our ‘Meads’ or ‘Meddes’ hail from the ‘meadow,’ or
‘mead.’ ‘Ate Med’ is the early form.[128]
A ‘croft’ was an enclosed field for pasture. Besides ‘Croft’ it has
given us ‘Meadowcroft,’ ‘Ryecroft,’ ‘Bancroft’ (that is, _bean-croft_),
‘Berecroft’ (that is, _barley-croft_), and ‘Haycraft’ (that is,
_hedged-croft_). It seems, however, to have been freely used, also, in
the sense of garth or yard, the enclosure in which, or by which, the
house stood. Thus, in the ‘Townley Mysteries,’ Satan is represented as
calling to the depraved and vile, and saying—
Come to my crofte alle ye.
With the humour of the period, which was ever largely intermingled in
even the most sacred themes, one of the characters, acting as a demon,
replies—
Souls come so thyk now late unto hell
As ever
Our porter at hell-gate
Is holden so strait,
Up early and downe late,
He rests never.
There is little distinction to be drawn between ‘garth’ and ‘yard’ in
the North of England, and in reality there ought to be none. Such names,
however, as ‘Nicholas de Apelyerd,’ or ‘Robert del Apelgarth,’ or
‘Richard atte Orcheyerd,’ the descendants of whom are still in our
midst, bespeak a former familiarity of usage which we cannot find now.
We have just mentioned ‘Haycraft.’ This reminds us of our ‘Hayes.’
Chaucer, in his ‘Troilus,’ says—
But right so as these holtes and these hayes,
That han in winter dead been and dry,
Revesten them in grene when that May is,
When every lusty beast listeth to pley.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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