English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages (XIVth Century)Jusserand, J. J. (Jean Jules)
History
English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages (XIVth Century)
Jusserand, J. J. (Jean Jules)
Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages -- England; England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485; Travel, Medieval
“And all the brothers,” said Francis, in his rule, “are to be clad in
mean habits, and may blessedly mend them with sacks and other pieces;
whom I admonish and exhort, that they do not despise or censure
such men as they see clad in curious and gay garments and using
delicate meats and drinks, but rather let every one judge and despise
himself.” They must never quarrel, but be “meek, peacable, modest,
mild and humble. . . . And they are not to ride unless some manifest
necessity or infirmity oblige them. Whatsoever house they go into,
they shall first say, ‘Peace be unto this house,’ and, according to
the Gospel, it shall be lawful for them to eat of all meats that
are set before them.” They must beg in order to get the necessaries
of life, but they must receive them in kind, never in money. “The
brothers shall not make anything their own, neither house nor place,
nor any other thing; and they shall go confidently to beg alms like
pilgrims and strangers in this world, serving our Lord in poverty and
humility.”[400]
All the miseries, all the hideous blemishes of humanity, every
kind of outcasts, the physical or moral lepers, were to have their
sympathy; and the lower classes in return would love and venerate
them, and grow morally better, owing to their word and example.
Eccleston relates that a friar minor once put on his sandals without
permission to go to matins. He dreamt afterwards that he was arrested
by robbers, who cried out, “Kill him! Kill him!”
“But I am a friar minor,” said he, sure of being respected. {295}
“Thou liest, for thou art not barefoot.”[401]
The first of their duties was to remain poor, in order to be able,
having nothing to lose, fearlessly to use firm language to the rich
and powerful of the world. When on his death-bed, in 1253, wise and
courageous Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, a great friend of
theirs, and because a friend of theirs, reminded them of their rule,
appropriately quoting a line of Juvenal’s:
“Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator.”
The friars were to be like the traveller without money, whose peace
of mind is never disturbed by meeting robbers.[402]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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