[195] “Erant hujusmodi cathedrarum multæ in Anglia . . . Beverlaci autem celeberrima, quæ priscorum regum benignitate (puta Æthelstani vel alterius cujuspiam) asyli nacta privilegium, tali honestabatur inscriptione: ‘Hæc sedes lapidea _Freedstoll_ dicitur, i.e. pacis cathedra, ad quam reus fugiendo perveniens, omnimodam habet securitatem.’” H. Spelman, “Glossarium Archaiologicum,” 3rd ed., London, 1687, p. 248. [196] Though every consecrated place was a sanctuary, some of them afforded far more safety than others, the penalties for abductors being much greater. A list of the safest of the English sanctuaries is in S. Pegge, “A Sketch of the History of the Asylum or Sanctuary,” in “Archæologia,” 1787, vol. viii. p. 41. [197] “Brevis annotatio Ricardi, prioris Hagustaldensis ecclesiæ de antiquo et moderno statu ejusdem ecclesiæ,” ed. Raine, “The priory of Hexham,” Surtees Society, 1864–5, 2 vols. illustrated, i. 62. The prior has also a chapter v, “De pace inviolabili per unum milliare circumquaque ipsius ecclesiæ,” p. 19, and a chapter xiv on the privileges, granted by the king, to the Hexham Sanctuary, p. 61. [198] Raine, as above, II, p. lxiv. Wright’s “Essay” appeared in 1823. [199] Usually worn by the accused, but the law officer’s intrusion would have made him a guilty man. “Carcannum,” says Du Cange, “collistrigium, vinculum quo rei collum stringitur, nostris, _carcan_.” [200] J. Raine, “Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverlacense,” London, Surtees Society, 1827, p. xxv. [201] See Appendix X, p. 434. [202] “Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverlacense,” p. 111. [203] Penance of this kind was not applied only to men. Women of all ranks were obliged to submit to it. In the same Register Palatine of Durham may be seen the case of Isabella of Murley, condemned for adultery with her sister’s husband, John d’Amundeville, to receive publicly “six whippings around the market of Durham” (vol. ii. p. 695). The case was not one of people of the lower sort; the Amundeville family was powerful and old-established in the county. Particulars about them from the thirteenth century may be found in Surtees, “History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham,” London, 1823, vol. iii. p. 270. Another example is in the “Constitutiones . . . Walteri de Cantilupo” (Bishop of Worcester), A.D. 1240; Wilkins’ “Concilia Magnæ Britanniæ et Hiberniæ,” London, 1757, vol. i. p. 668. [204] “Registrum Palatinum Dunelmense,” ed. Sir T. D. Hardy, London, 1875, vol. i. p. 315, A.D. 1313. [205] Henry IV or Henry V. Raine, “Sanctuarium Dunelmense,” p. xvii. [206] “Historical Notices of the Collegiate Church or Royal free Chapel and Sanctuary of St. Martin le Grand, London,” by A. J. Kempe, London, 1825, p. 136. [207] “Croniques de London,” edited by G. J. Aungier, Camden Society, 1844, p. 48; written by a contemporary of the events. [208] “Articuli cleri,” statute 9 E. II, cap. 10.