=Streptococcus Pneumonia.=—Finkler emphasized the importance of streptococcus pneumonia as a complication of influenza. In 1888 he described instances of acute primary streptococcus pneumonia observed in 1887 and 1889. This form of pneumonia, Finkler thought, occurred in Bonn in epidemic form before the influenza epidemic of 1889–90 and, he states, exhibited an astonishing similarity to the pneumonia of influenza. He thought that later there was in Bonn a mixed infection of influenza and primary streptococcus pneumonia. In one type of streptococcus pneumonia, described by Finkler, there was lobular consolidation which in multiple patches produced “pseudolobar” consolidation; the consolidated lung was smooth and red, and similar to spleen, rather than hepatized. In another group of instances the lesion merited the name “erysipelas of the lung.” The lesion was an acute interstitial pneumonia in some places, a cellular or occasionally fibrinous pneumonia with involvement of the interstitial tissue in other places. There was edematous swelling and accumulation of leucocytes in the interstices between the alveoli and about the blood vessels and bronchi. Finkler stated that the similarity to erysipelas might suggest that the lymphatics contain streptococci, but this relation did not exist although large lymphatic channels were occasionally filled with coagulum. He asserted that the disease was contagious and cited cases which he believed had their origin in hospital wards. The widespread occurrence of streptococcus pneumonia in the army camps in this country attracted attention during the first months of 1918. Cummings, Spruit and Lynch[73] at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, recognized the prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia, both as a complication of measles and in association with lobar pneumonia, and showed that the microorganism concerned was a hemolytic streptococcus. In 7 autopsies upon individuals with lobar pneumonia, they found pneumococcus alone in 2 instances and pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococcus or hemolytic streptococcus alone in 5 instances. Hemolytic streptococcus was found in all of 24 instances of bronchopneumonia, three-fourths of which followed measles. They recommend the bacteriologic examination of the throat of patients with measles and the segregation of those who harbor hemolytic streptococci.