In the Netherlands an epidemic of small-pox had raged in the year 1866; in the following year it had rapidly abated, and in the year 1869 had caused only fifty deaths in the three provinces of North Holland, Utrecht, and Limburg combined. In the year 1870 the number of deaths increased considerably, and in the following year reached an appalling height.[297] The following table indicates the annual mortality of the disease: _Total no. deaths._ _Per 10,000 inhabitants._ 1869 50 0·14 1870 706 1·96 1871 15,787 43·55 1872 3,731 10·21 1873 351 0·95 Thus both Belgium and the Netherlands had a very high small-pox mortality in the year 1871; as elsewhere, the cause is traceable to repeated transplantations of the disease, and to the fact that vaccination was insufficiently practised. _(d) Austria_ In the years 1872–4 Austria suffered severely from small-pox; the total number of deaths per annum caused by the disease is indicated by the following table:[298] _Total no. deaths._ _Per 10,000 inhabitants._ 1870 6,177 3·0 1871 8,074 3·9 1872 39,368 19·0 1873 65,274 31·2 1874 36,442 17·3 1875 12,151 5·7 Although small-pox was usually conveyed into Austria from the East and South (Italy), nevertheless the connexion between the epidemic in Austria of the years 1872–4, and the great German epidemic is too obvious to be overlooked. This is clearly shown by the successive appearances of the disease in the various crown-lands, the number of deaths per 10,000 inhabitants in which is indicated by the following table: