Conditions among the Japanese were less favourable, since, on account of their rapid advance, sanitary measures could not be carried out as extensively as was desirable. The total number of men in the Japanese army carried away by diseases was no less than 21,802; 3,956 succumbed to beri-beri, 4,073 to typhoid fever, 1,804 to dysentery, and 11 to typhus fever.[318] All told, 95,572 cases of beri-beri were observed; at first the disease was very common, but later on, when barley was added to the rice, its prevalence decreased. The number of Japanese soldiers killed in battle was very large (47,387), and to these must be added 10,970 who died of wounds. As to whether or not the war caused typhoid fever and dysentery to spread among the civil inhabitants of Manchuria, as was probably the case, we have no specific information; the appearance of other diseases among the civil inhabitants is improbable, since the troops would certainly have contracted them had they been prevalent. No information has been given by either Russia or Japan as to whether the soldiers brought diseases back home with them. In Japan, according to the _Year Book of Statistics_,[319] the number of deaths was as follows: _Typhoid._ _Typhus._ _Cholera._ _Dysentery._ _Beri-beri._ 1903 4,585 9 140 7,172 10,783 1904 5,100 5 51 5,294 9,408 1905 6,291 10 34 8,763 11,703 1906 6,338 5 29 5,173 7,766 1907 5,974 6 1,702 5,872 8,767 1908 5,824 9 297 8,053 10,786 In order to prevent the transplantation of infectious diseases into Japan, very comprehensive measures of precaution were adopted by the Japanese military authorities, as was the case after the war with China. Infected soldiers, and soldiers suspected of being infected, were not allowed to join the transports; in order to find them out, three quarantine stations were established, one in Dairei (near Moji), a second in Ninoshima (near Ujina), and a third at Wadano Misaki (near Kobe). When the transports of troops reached their destination, the men were divided into groups of 60 and sent to disinfection establishments, where they were bathed and their effects were disinfected. The sick were committed to the hospital, and suspicious cases were quartered in barracks under observation. If infected men had been found on a ship, the entire ship, crew, and officers, were disinfected. The disinfection establishments received 828,376 men for examination; of these 429,962 were disinfected.[320] 5. THE OCCUPATION OF TRIPOLI BY THE ITALIANS (1911)