Armies -- Medical and sanitary affairs; Epidemics -- History; Medicine, Military -- History; Military hygiene
J. R. L. Kerckhoffs, _Observations médicales faites pendant les
campagnes de Russie en 1812 et d’Allemagne en 1813_. First edition,
1814. Third edition, 1836. Reproduced in epitome by W. Stricker in his
_Historische Studien über Heereskrankheiten und Militärkrankenpflege_,
1743-1814. Virchow’s _Archiv für pathologische Anatomie u.s.w._, vol.
liii, p. 383. 1871. (The spelling ‘Kerkhove’ is incorrect.)—J. D.
Larrey, _Mémoires de chirurgie militaire_, vols. i-iv. Paris, 1812-17.
(Kerckhoffs and Larrey give only indefinite information regarding the
nature of the diseases; Larrey, in particular, who served as a surgeon
and general inspector on the Health Staff, had very little
understanding for the infectious character of typhus fever or for the
energetic measures that have to be adopted to prevent its
dissemination.)—M. J. Lemazurier, _De la campagne de Russie in Recueil
de mémoires de médecine, chirurgie, et pharmacie militaires_, vol.
iii, p. 161. Paris, 1817. Translated from the French by C. F.
Heusinger, _Medizinische Geschichte des Russischen Feldzugs von 1812_.
Jena, 1823. (This book, owing to the clarity of its descriptions,
constitutes the best source of information regarding the diseases that
broke out during the Russian campaign.)—Ch. J. Scheerer, _Historia
morborum, qui in expeditione contra Russiam anno 1812 facta legiones
Wurttembergicas invaserunt; praesertim eorum qui frigore orti sunt_.
Tubingae, 1819.—R. Virchow, _Kriegstyphus und Ruhr_. Virch. Archiv,
vol. lii, p. 1. 1871.—E. Gurlt loc. cit.—W. Ebstein, _Die Krankheiten
im Feldzug gegen Russland_. Stuttgart, 1902.
Footnote 118:
W. Ebstein, op. cit., p. 65.
Footnote 119:
J. Ch. Gasc, _Histoire de l’épidémie observée à Wilna en 1813 après la
campagne de Moscou_. Reproduced in Gasc and Breslau, _Matériaux pour
servir à une doctrine générale sur les épidémies et les contagions,
par F. Schnurrer_. Translated from the German. Paris, 1815.
Footnote 120:
A. Laveran, op. cit., p. 254.
Footnote 121:
Parrot, _Über das im jetzigen Krieg entstandene typhöse Fieber und ein
sehr einfaches Heilmittel desselben_. _Hufeland’s Journal_, vol.
xxxvi, 1813, May vol., p. 3.
Footnote 122:
Wolf, _Bemerkungen über die Krankheiten, welche im Jahre 1813 in
Warschau herrschten, insbesondere über den ansteckenden Typhus_.
_Hufeland’s Journal_, vol. xxxix, 1813, May vol., p. 3.
Footnote 123:
Kerckhoffs, op. cit. Kerckhoffs uses the name ‘fièvre adynamique’ for
typhus fever; occasionally he uses the word typhus.
Footnote 124:
H. A. Göden, _Erfahrungen und Ansichten zur Lehre vom Typhus_. Horn’s
_Archiv für mediz. Erfahrung_, 1814, p. 342.
Footnote 125:
Gurlt, op. cit., p. 217.
Footnote 126:
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