_Fluidextractum Sabal (Fldext. Sabal), Fluidextract of Sabal, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Saw Palmetto).--Sabal (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent. DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.). _Tinctura Sabal et Santali (Tr. Sabal et Santal.), Tincture of Saw Palmetto and Santal, N.F._--Sabal (20%) and sandalwood (6.5%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent. DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.) =*Saccharum (Sacch.), Sugar, U.S.P.= (Sucrose).--Obtained from the sugar-cane, the sugar-beet, etc. White, odorless crystals or powder with a sweet taste. ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in official syrups and other preparations. _*Syrupus (Syrupus), Syrup, U.S.P._ (Sirup, Simple Syrup).--Sugar (85%) in water. =*Saccharum Lactis (Sacch. Lact.), Sugar of Milk, U.S.P.= (Milk Sugar, Lactose).--Obtained from the whey of cow's milk. White, hard, odorless crystalline masses or powder, with a faintly sweet taste. ACTION AND USES: Less sweet than cane sugar and less liable to ferment; slightly laxative and diuretic; frequently used to modify cow's milk in the feeding of infants =SALES EFFERVESCENTES, GRANULAR EFFERVESCENT SALTS.=--Effervescent salts are mixtures of active constituents with sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. They are usually directed to be produced and dispensed in coarse granules. Their advantage over other methods of administering active ingredients is rather doubtful. For effervescent salts included in the Pharmacopeia and in the National Formulary, see under the names of the active ingredients. For Sal Carolinum Factitium and Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens, see under =Sodii Sulphas=; for Sal Kissingense Factitium and Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens, see under =Sodii Chloridum=; for Sal Vichyanum Factitium, Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens and Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio, see under =Sodii Bicarbonas=. =Salicinum (Salicin.), Salicin, U.S.P.=--A glucoside obtained from certain species of willows and poplars. White powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste. ACTION AND USES: Partially decomposed in the stomach and intestines and finally oxidized in the body into salicylic acid. Less irritant to the mucous membranes than the salicylates but also less certain in its action, and has been practically superseded by the latter. DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) =Sambucus (Sambuc.), Sambucus, N.F.= (Elder Flowers). ACTION AND USES: Obsolete and worthless remedy in dropsy. Large doses are said to act like a hydragogue cathartic. DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.). =Sanguinaria (Sanguin.), Sanguinaria, U.S.P.= (Blood Root).--Rhizome and roots. ACTION AND USES: Irritant and narcotic; unreliable; expectorant in small doses and nauseant in large doses, which may produce serious secondary symptoms. DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).