the medical nature of the treatment these indications afford us, neither is it necessary to say what kind of moral treatment they point out to us as our wisest course to pursue. In all such cases, and indeed in every case, we ought always to be anxious not only to keep our sympathies alive, but, in order that we may never fail rightly to direct them, we must also possess ourselves of a thorough knowledge of the mind, and its individual peculiarities.—To give settled calmness and tranquillity to the distracted mind, and bloom to the wild and faded countenance, ought not to be considered matters of trifling importance. OBSERVATION XIII. ON THE EFFECTS OF INTENSE STUDY, AND GENERAL INTEMPERANCE OF MIND. Though the effect of intense study and general intemperance of mind, may be better illustrated by many cases than by the preceding, yet for the sake of the moral deducible from the combined view of this part of the subject, and the preceding observations on the distribution of animal heat, I am tempted briefly to glance at the important reflections included within it; intending to resume a more elaborate consideration of its merits when I come to the Essay on the Causes which produce Insanity. In those cases where intense study has been considered as the exciting cause of insanity, I have almost always been able, on closer investigation, to trace it rather to the intemperate feelings and sentiments of the mind, combined with the injudicious mode of procedure and irregular habits attending it. In young students, these studies are blamed; but, alas! how often have I ascertained that much greater and more decided causes (_secret and wicked causes_) have long been exercising the most baneful influence. In cases of regular and well-balanced exertion, however severe, the effects were rather a general depression and weakness of the whole nervous system than absolute derangement, producing either debility or suspension of mind, but which for its restoration required only cessation from accustomed exertions. Calmness and tranquillity, combined with innocent diversions and general attention to hygeian rules, invariably effected a cure.