Essay on the Theory of the EarthCuvier, Georges, baron
Science
Essay on the Theory of the Earth
Cuvier, Georges, baron
Geology; Paleontology
“The skull is wanting; a circumstance which is the more to be
regretted, as this characteristic part might possibly have thrown
some light on the subject under consideration, or would, at least,
have settled the question, whether the skeleton is that of a
Carib, who used to give the frontal bone of the head a particular
shape by compression, which had the effect of depressing the upper
and protruding the lower edge of the orbits, so as to make the
direction of their opening nearly upwards, or horizontal, instead
of vertical[385].
“The vertebræ of the neck were lost with the head. The bones of
the thorax bear all the marks of considerable concussion, and are
completely dislocated. The seven true ribs of the left side, though
their heads are not in connexion with the vertebræ, are complete;
but only three of the false ribs are observable. On the right side
only fragments of these bones are seen; but the upper part of the
seven true ribs of this side are found on the left, and might at
first sight be taken for the termination of the left ribs; as may
be seen in the drawing. The right ribs must therefore have been
violently broken and carried over to the left side, where, if this
mode of viewing the subject be correct, the sternum must likewise
lie concealed below the termination of the ribs. The small bone
dependent above the upper ribs of the left side, appears to be the
right clavicle. The right os humeri is lost; of the left nothing
remains except the condyles in connexion with the fore-arm, which
is in the state of pronation; the radius of this side exists nearly
in its full length, while of the ulna the lower part only remains,
which is considerably pushed upwards. Of the two bones of the right
fore-arm, the inferior terminations are seen. Both the rows of the
bones of the wrists are lost, but the whole metacarpus of the left
hand is displayed, together with part of the bones of the fingers:
the first joint of the fore-finger rests on the upper ridge of the
os pubis; the two others, detached from their metacarpal bones, are
propelled downwards, and situated at the inner side of the femur,
and below the foramen magnum ischii of this side. Vestiges of three
of the fingers of the right hand are likewise visible, considerably
below the lower portion of the fore-arm, and close to the upper
extremity of the femur. The vertebræ may be traced along the whole
length of the column, but are in no part of it well defined. Of the
os sacrum, the superior portion only is distinct: it is disunited
from the last vertebra and the ilium, and driven upwards. The
left os ilium is nearly complete, but shattered, and one of the
fragments depressed below the level of the rest; the ossa pubis,
though well defined, are gradually lost in the mass of the stone.
On the right side, the os innominatum is completely shattered, and
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