Essay on the Theory of the EarthCuvier, Georges, baron
Science
Essay on the Theory of the Earth
Cuvier, Georges, baron
Geology; Paleontology
_Head._--The forehead is marked by a raised ridge extended between
the roots of the horns; anterior to this, between the orbits and
the root of the nose, the skull is flat; there is a depression on
each side in front of the root of the horn and over the orbit,
capable of lodging the last joint of the thumb, at the bottom of
which is the superciliary hole, large enough to give passage to
an artery proportioned to the size of the horns. Inferior to the
orbit we have the lachrymatory fossa, and the opening left by the
deficiency of bone common to all deer, and remarkable for being
smaller in this than in any other species.
Below the orbits the skull grows suddenly narrower, and the upper
parts of the nasal bones become contracted by a depression on
either side, at the lower part of which is the infra-orbitar hole.
The opening of the nares is oval, being five inches long by three
broad, the greatest breadth being in the centre. From the roots of
the horns to the occipital spine measures three inches and an half;
the occiput descends at a right angle with this, being three inches
deep to the foramen magnum: the greatest breadth of the occiput is
eight inches. The temporal fossæ approach to within two inches of
each other behind the horns.
_Teeth._--They do not differ from those of animals of the
ruminating class. The incisors were not found, having dropped out;
there is no mark of canine teeth; the molares are not much worn
down, and are twenty-four in number.
The skeleton measures, from the end of the nose to the tip of
the tail, ten feet ten inches. The spine consists of twenty-six
vertebræ, viz. seven cervical, thirteen dorsal, and six lumbar. The
size of the cervical vertebræ greatly exceeds that of the other
classes, and the spines of the dorsal rise to a foot in height. The
necessity of these bones being so marked is obvious, considering
the strong cervical ligament, and powerful muscles, required for
supporting and moving a head which, at a moderate calculation, must
have sustained a weight of three quarters of a hundred of solid
bony matter.
The extremities are in proportion to the different parts of the
trunk, and present a conformation favourable to a combination of
great strength with fleetness.
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