of one ileum to that of | | | the other, | 1 4½ | 1 6½ | From anterior superior spine | | | to the tuber ischii, | 1 8 | 1 9½ | Greatest diameter of | | | foramen ovale, | 0 4 | 0 3 | Least do. of do., | 0 2¾ | 0 2¼ | Length of the femur, | 1 6½ | 1 5½ | Ditto of tibia, | 1 6 | 1 6 | Length of the tarsus, | | | including the os calcis, | 0 8 | | Ditto of the metatarsus, | 1 1¾ | 1 1¾ | 2. _Account of the Two Living Species of Elephant, and of the Extinct Species of Elephant, or Mammoth._ 1. ELEPHAS AFRICANUS.--_The Elephant with rounded skull, large ears, grinders, having rhomboidal-shaped marks on their crown, which we call the African Elephant_ (_Elephas Africanus_), is a quadruped which has hitherto been found only inhabiting Africa. There can be no doubt that it is this species which lives at the Cape, at Senegal, and in Guinea; there is reason to believe that it also occurs at Mosambique; but it is not certain that individuals of the following species do not occur in this part of Africa. A sufficient number of individuals have not been figured or compared, to know if this species presents remarkable varieties. It is it that produces the largest tusks. Both sexes are equally furnished with tusks, at least at Senegal. _The natural number of the hoofs is four before, and three behind._ The ear is very large, and covers the shoulder. The skin is of a deep and uniform brown. This species has not been domesticated in modern times. It appears, however, to have been tamed by the ancients, who attributed to it less power and courage in that state than to the following species; but their observations do not appear to have been confirmed, at least in so far as refers to magnitude. Its natural manners are not perfectly known; yet judging of them by the notices of travellers, they appear to resemble in every thing essential those of the following species.