American loyalists; Andros, Edmund, Sir, 1637-1714; Society of Friends -- New England; Witchcraft -- New England
A knowledge of these early conditions of the life of Andros
is necessary for a comprehension of his character. They show
the influences which tended to form in him his most notable
characteristics: loyalty to his sovereign, a passion for regularity and
legal methods in the management of affairs, and a zeal for the Church
of England. The promotion of the young soldier followed quickly, as he
continued to display the fidelity and capacity of which his boyhood had
given promise. His uncle’s position in the household of the Queen of
Bohemia determined the direction of his promotion, and the nephew was
made gentleman-in-ordinary in the same household in 1660, a position
more honorable than remunerative, which was soon terminated by her
death in 1662. His military training was developed by the war with
the Dutch, in which he won further distinction and made his first
acquaintance with America and American affairs.[106] The position he
had held in the court of the exiled queen won him a wife in 1671, in
the person of a young kinswoman of the Earl of Craven, who had been
the devoted servant, if not the husband, of Elizabeth.[107] This Lord
Craven was the one officer of the army who remained faithful to James
II. to the last, and, though eighty years old, put himself at the head
of his regiment of body-guards to defend the king from insult, when
William of Orange was already in London.
The court positions held by Andros in the reign of Charles II. are
not those of a brilliant young cavalier, or a roystering blade of the
Restoration who only cared for place and plunder, wine and women; they
indicate rather that passionate devotion to the house of Stuart, which
the most worthless of that line were always able to inspire, devotion
generally recompensed by gross ingratitude. His marriage was evidently,
from the prominence Andros himself gives to it, a high connection for
a simple country gentleman to make, but it did not have the effect of
detaching him from a soldier’s life; for in the same year he appears
still as major of the regiment that had been in Barbadoes, and even
at that time he had obtained the reputation of being well versed in
American affairs.[108]
When this regiment was disbanded, Major Andros received a new
commission in a dragoon regiment that was raised at that time for
Prince Rupert, in which his four companies were incorporated, the first
English regiment ever armed with a bayonet.[109] This was the period
when the proprietors of Carolina were drawing up their remarkable
feudal constitution and dividing up lands and titles among themselves.
Lord Craven, who was one of the proprietors, seeing the interest that
Andros took in American affairs, procured him a patent conferring upon
him the title and dignity of a margrave, together with four baronies
containing some forty-eight thousand acres, to support the title. This
gift, however, was only valuable as a token of his friend’s esteem.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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