American loyalists; Andros, Edmund, Sir, 1637-1714; Society of Friends -- New England; Witchcraft -- New England
Andros arrived in Boston in December 1686, and was received in a
most loyal and even enthusiastic manner.[131] A large portion of the
Massachusetts people had grown weary of the rule of the oligarchy, and
Andros was welcomed as bringing with him the protection of English law.
His government had been constituted in detail in his commission, and
he at once proceeded to organize it and to levy the taxes necessary
for its support. Deprived of the representative assembly in which the
semblance of free government had been preserved, one of the towns
attempted to resist the tax. The leaders of the movement were tried
fairly and legally, and were fined and imprisoned for their attempt at
resistance.[132] After this no attempts were made to dispute the laws
of the new government, until the revolution which overthrew all legal
authority in the colony broke out in 1689.
It was very important for Andros that the submission of Connecticut
should be obtained without conflict, as Massachusetts, like New
York, was largely dependent upon the neighboring colony for food.
The Connecticut authorities fenced and parried, interposed delays,
and showed themselves, as they always did, clever men of business,
exhibiting qualities that doubtless raised Governor Treat and Secretary
Allyn in Governor Andros’s estimation. Finally, however, when further
resistance was dangerous, a letter was sent which could be construed
either as a surrender or as not a surrender, so that they might have
a safe retreat in any case; and on the strength of this letter Andros
assumed the government.[133] The period that follows is sometimes
described as the “usurpation,” but there is nothing in the history of
the times to give one the impression that the government of Andros
in Connecticut was not as regular and legal a government as the
colony ever had. If Andros had not been overthrown in Massachusetts
by a carefully-prepared rebellion, which left the colonies without a
governor, it is not likely that either Connecticut or Rhode Island
would have ventured to resume its charter. Andros came to Connecticut
in October 1687, travelling by way of Providence and New London, and
from New London across country through what are now Salem, Colchester,
and Glastonbury, to the Rocky Hill ferry. He was attended by a “company
of gentlemen and grenadiers to the number of sixty or upwards,” and was
met at the ferry by a troop of horse “which conducted him honorably
from the ferry through Waterfield (Wethersfield) up to Hartford.”[134]
Of the transactions at Hartford we have the dramatic story of local
tradition, the only proof of which was the existence of an oak tree
said to have been the receptacle of the charter. For this romantic
story there is absolutely no contemporary authority, and the details
are very improbable. The charter very possibly may have been concealed,
and very possibly in the Charter Oak, but the incidents of the familiar
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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