[155] Franklin’s _Memoirs_, vol. i. pp. 218, 220. An amusing instance of the prevailing ignorance in regard to American affairs even among its friends is given by Benjamin Vaughan in a note in Franklin’s _Memoirs_, vol. v. p. 320. “To guard against the incursions of the Indians a plan was sent over to America (and, as I think, by authority) suggesting the expediency of clearing away the woods and bushes from a tract of land, a mile in breadth, and extending along the back of the colonies.” It is said that this plan was the contribution of Dean Tucker towards the solution of the Indian problem of the day. [156] Jones, _Hist. New York_, ii. 291, 559. _Political Magazine_, Apr., 1780. Hutchinson, _History Mass. Bay_, iii. 86–88, 166 _note_, 254, 293. Hutchinson’s _Diary_, i. 65. For reasons assigned by Hutchinson for the patriotism of John Adams, _Hist._ iii. 297. [157] _North American Review_, lix. p. 270 (Sabine). “It may be asked, why, when the oppressions of the mother country were so very flagrant and apparent, there was not greater unanimity than appears to have existed; and why a party, so large in numbers, which in so many colonies included persons so respectable, and hitherto so universally esteemed, was seemingly, or in fact, averse to breaking away from British dominion. These questions have been put to loyalists themselves. They have answered, that, upon the original formation of parties, they were generally regarded as the common organizations of the ins and outs; the one striving to retain, and the other to gain, patronage and place; and that the mass in taking sides with or against the royal governors, were stimulated by the hopes which politicians have always been able to excite in their followers.” [158] Moore’s _Diary of the American Revolution_, i. 37–52, 138. _Massachutensis_, Letters I., III., IV. Hutchinson, _History of Mass. Bay_, iii. passim. A. W. Farmer, _The Congress Canvassed_, p. 8. The name Tory was given first in 1763, as a title of reproach to officers of the crown and such as were for keeping up their authority. _Hist. Mass. Bay_, iii. 103. [159] Adams’s _Works_, ii. 362. [160] For the manner in which the temperate remonstrance of the loyal colony of New York was treated, see _Parliamentary Register_, vol. i. 467–478.