[f106] That is, from the idea that this sitting cross-legged leads to Buddhahood. From the earliest periods of Zen in China, the quietist tendency has been running along the whole history with the intellectual tendency which emphasises the satori element. Even to-day these currents are represented to a certain extent by the Soto on the one hand and the Rinzai on the other, while each has its characteristic features of excellence. My own standpoint is that of the intuitionalist and not that of the quietist; for the essence of Zen lies in the attainment of satori. [f107] W. Lehmann, _Meister Eckhart_. Göttingen, 1917, p. 243. Quoted by Prof. Rudolf Otto in his _The Idea of the Holy_, p. 201. [f108] In Claud Field’s _Mystics and Saints of Islam_ (p. 25), we read under Hasan Basri, “Another time I saw a child coming toward me holding a lighted torch in his hand, ‘Where have you brought the light from?’ I asked him. He immediately blew it out, and said to me, ‘O Hasan, tell me where it is gone, and I will tell you whence I fetched.’” Of course the parallel here is only apparent, for Tokusan got his enlightenment from quite a different source than the mere blowing out of the candle. Still the parallel in itself is interesting enough to be quoted here. [f109] See the Essay entitled “Practical Methods of Zen Instruction.” [f110] The lightning simile in the _Kena-Upanished_ (IV. 30), as is supposed by some scholars, is not to depict the feeling of inexpressive awe as regards the nature of Brahman, but it illustrates the bursting out of enlightenment upon consciousness. “A—a—ah” is most significant here. [f111] This is spread before the Buddha and on it the master performs his bowing ceremony, and its rolling up naturally means the end of a sermon. [f112] _Tou chi chia_, meaning “the verse of mutual understanding” which takes place when the master’s mind and the disciple’s are merged in each other’s. [f113] It was originally a mosquito driver, but now it is a symbol of religious authority. It has a short handle, a little over a foot long and a longer tuft of hair, usually a horse’s tail or a yak’s. [f114] In the Chinese Notes I have added six more such verses which may further help the reader to gain an insight into the content of satori.