Essays on the Microscope: Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscopes, a General History of Insects, etc., etc.Adams, George
Science
Essays on the Microscope: Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscopes, a General History of Insects, etc., etc.
Adams, George
Insects -- Early works to 1800; Microscopy -- Early works to 1800
Thus we readily discern those protuberances on the heads of insects,
which are formed by a congeries of eyes; we can even perceive that they
consist of a number of lines crossing each other with great regularity
and exactness at some little distance, like the meshes of a net. By this
we know that they are reticulated substances; but in what manner they
are so, can only be shewn by the microscope.
The eyes of the libellula, on account of their size, are peculiarly well
adapted for microscopical examination; and, by the assistance of the
instrument, you will find that they are divided into a number of
hexagonal cells, each of which forms a complete eye. The external parts
of these eyes are so perfectly smooth, and so well polished, that, when
viewed as opake objects, they will, like so many mirrors, reflect the
images of all the surrounding objects. The figure of a candle may be
seen on their surface multiplied almost to infinity, shifting its beam
to each eye, according to the motion given to it by the hands of the
observer. Other creatures are obliged to turn their eyes towards the
object, but insects have eyes directed thereto, on whatsoever side it
may appear: they more than realize the wonderful accounts of fabulous
history: poets gave to Argus an hundred eyes; insects are furnished with
thousands, having the benefit of vision on every side with the utmost
ease and speed, though without any motion of the eye or flexion of the
neck.
Each of these protuberances, in its natural state, is a body cut into a
number of faces; like an artificial multiplying glass; but with this
superiority in the workmanship, that as there, every face is plane,
here, every one is convex, immensely more numerous, and contained in a
much smaller space. If one of these protuberant substances be nicely
taken from the head of the insect, washed clean, and placed before the
microscope, its structure is elegantly seen, and it becomes an object
worthy of the highest admiration. You will find that each of the eyes is
an hexagon, varying in its size according to its situation in the head,
and that each of them is a distinct convex lens, and has the same effect
in forming the image of an object placed before it. Of this you will be
convinced, by turning the mirror of the microscope so as to bring the
picture of some well-defined object under the eye; thus, turn it towards
a house, and in the eye of the insect you will perceive the house
diminished to a box, but multiplied into a city; turn it towards a
soldier, and you will have an army of pigmies performing every motion at
the same instant of time; again, turn the mirror towards a candle, and
you will have a beautiful and resplendent blaze from multitudes of
regular flames.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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