Fig. 4. This Figure represents the elevation or front view of the Fire-place Fig. 3. after it has been altered. The lower part of the door-way left for the Chimney-sweeper is shown in this Figure by white dotted lines. See page 344. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 5. This Figure shows the section of a Chimney Fire-place and of a part of the canal of the Chimney, on the common construction. a b is the opening in front; b c, the depth of the Fire-place at the hearth; d, the breast of the Chimney. d e, the throat of the Chimney, and d f, g e, a part of the open canal of the Chimney. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 6. Shows a section of the same Chimney after it has been altered. k l is the new back of the Fire-place; l i, the tile or stone which closes the door-way for the Chimney-sweeper; d i, the throat of the Chimney, narrow to four inches; a, the mantle, and h, the new wall made under the mantle to diminish the height of the opening of the Fire-place in front. N.B. These two Figures are sections of the same Chimney which is represented in each of the four preceding Figures. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 7. This Figure represents the ground plan of a Chimney Fire-place in which the grate is placed in a niche, and in which the original width A B of the Fire-place is considerably diminished. a b is the opening of the Fire-place in front after it has been altered, and d is the back of the niche in which the grate is placed. See page 347. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 8. Shows a front view of the same Fire-place after it has been altered; where may be seen the grate, and the door-way for the Chimney-sweeper. See page 347. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 9. Shows a section of the same Fire-place, c d e being a section of the niche, g the door-way for the Chimney-sweeper, closed by a piece of the fire-stone, and f the new wall under the mantle by which the height of the opening of the Fire-place in front is diminished. See page 347. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 10. This Figure shows how the covings are to be placed when the front of the covings (a and b) do not come so far forward as the front of the opening of the Fire-place, or the jambs (A and B). See page 348. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 11. This Figure shows how the width and obliquity of the covings are to be accommodated to the width of the back of a Fire-place, in cases where it is necessary to make the back very wide. See page 349. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 12. This Figure shows how an instrument called a bevel (m n), useful in laying out the work, in altering Chimney Fire-places, may be constructed. See page 349. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 13. This shows how, when the breast of a Chimney (d) is too high, it may be brought down by means of a wall (h) placed under the mantle, and a coating of plaster, which in this Figure is represented by the part marked by dots. See page 351. [ IMAGE ] Fig. 14. This shows how the breast of a Chimney may be brought down merely by a coating of plaster. See page 351. Footnotes for essay IV.