Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.
Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy; Political science; Science
We have already seen that this view of the origin of comets harmonizes
with the characters of their orbits; but the evidence hence derived is
much stronger than was indicated. The great majority of cometary orbits
are classed as parabolic; and it is ordinarily inferred that they are
visitors from remote space, and will never return. But are they rightly
classed as parabolic? Observations on a comet moving in an extremely
eccentric ellipse, which are possible only when it is comparatively near
perihelion, must fail to distinguish its orbit from a parabola.
Evidently, then, it is not safe to class it as a parabola because of
inability to detect the elements of an ellipse. But if extreme
eccentricity of an orbit necessitates such inability, it seems quite
possible that comets have no other orbits than elliptic ones. Though
five or six are said to be hyperbolic, yet, as I learn from one who has
paid special attention to comets, "no such orbit has, I believe, been
computed for a well-observed comet." Hence the probability that all the
orbits are ellipses is overwhelming. Ellipses and hyperbolas have
countless varieties of forms, but there is only one form of parabola;
or, to speak literally, all parabolas are similar, while there are
infinitely numerous dissimilar ellipses and dissimilar hyperbolas.
Consequently, anything coming to the Sun from a great distance must have
one exact amount of proper motion to produce a parabola: all other
amounts would give hyperbolas or ellipses. And if there are no
hyperbolic orbits, then it is infinity to one that all the orbits are
elliptical. This is just what they would be if comets had the genesis
above supposed.
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