Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.
Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy; Political science; Science
The conception of the Sun's constitution thus set forth, is like that of
M. Faye in so far as the successive changes, the resulting structures,
and the ultimate state, are concerned; but unlike it in so far as the
Sun is supposed to have reached a later stage of concentration. As I
gather from your abstract of M. Faye's paper [this referred to an
article in _The Reader_], he considers the Sun to be at present a
gaseous spheroid, having an envelope of metallic matters precipitated in
the shape of luminous clouds, the local dispersions of which, caused by
currents from within, appear to us as spots; and he looks forward to the
future formation of a liquid film as an event that will soon be followed
by extinction. Whereas the above hypothesis is that the liquid film
already exists beneath the visible photosphere, and that extinction
cannot result until, in the course of further aggregation, the gaseous
nucleus has become so much reduced, and the shell so much thickened,
that the escape of the heat generated is greatly retarded.... M. Faye's
hypothesis appears to be espoused by him, partly because it affords an
explanation of the spots, which are considered as openings in the
photosphere, exposing the comparatively non-luminous gases filling the
interior. But if these interior gases are non-luminous from the absence
of precipitated matter, must they not for the same reason be
transparent? And if transparent, will not the light from the remote side
of the photosphere seen through them, be nearly as bright as that of the
side next to us? By as much as the intensely-heated gases of the
interior are disabled by the dissociation of their molecules from giving
off luminiferous undulations, by so much must they be disabled from
absorbing the light transmitted through them. And if their great
light-transmitting power is exactly complementary to their small
light-emitting power, there seems no reason why the interior of the Sun,
disclosed to us by openings in the photosphere, should not appear as
bright as its exterior.
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