Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.
Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy; Political science; Science
These breaks are supposed to imply actual new creations on the surface
of our planet--supposed not by Hugh Miller only, but by the majority of
geologists. And the terms Palæozoic, Mesozoic, and Cainozoic, are used
to indicate these three successive systems of life. It is true that some
accept this belief with caution; knowing how geologic research has been
all along tending to fill up what were once thought wide gaps. Sir
Charles Lyell points out that "the hiatus which exists in Great Britain
between the fossils of the Lias and those of the Magnesian Limestone,
is supplied in Germany by the rich fauna and flora of the Muschelkalk,
Keuper, and Bunter Sandstein, which we know to be of a date precisely
intermediate." Again he remarks that "until lately the fossils of the
coal-measures were separated from those of the antecedent Silurian group
by a very abrupt and decided line of demarcation; but recent discoveries
have brought to light in Devonshire, Belgium, the Eifel, and Westphalia,
the remains of a fauna of an intervening period." And once more, he
says, "we have also in like manner had some success of late years in
diminishing the hiatus which still separates the Cretaceous and Eocene
periods in Europe." To which let us add that, since Hugh Miller penned
the passage above quoted, the second of the great gaps he refers to has
been very considerably narrowed by the discovery of strata containing
Palæozoic genera and Mesozoic genera intermingled. Nevertheless, the
occurrence of two great revolutions in the Earth's Flora and Fauna
appears still to be held by many; and geologic nomenclature habitually
assumes it.
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