Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 1 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.
Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy; Political science; Science
We think, however, that it will not be difficult to find in what
respects its organization is provisional; and at the same time to show
what must be the nature of a more complete organization. We propose here
to attempt this: illustrating our positions from his recently-issued
second volume.
* * * * *
Is it possible to make a true classification without the aid of
analysis? or must there not be an analytical basis to every true
classification? Can the real relations of things be determined by the
obvious characteristics of the things? or does it not commonly happen
that certain hidden characteristics, on which the obvious ones depend,
are the truly significant ones? This is the preliminary question which a
glance at Mr. Bain's scheme of the emotions suggests.
Though not avowedly, yet by implication, Mr. Bain assumes that a right
conception of the nature, the order, and the relations of the emotions,
may be arrived at by contemplating their conspicuous objective and
subjective characters, as displayed in the adult. After pointing out
that we lack those means of classification which serve in the case of
the sensations, he says--
"In these circumstances we must turn our attention to _the manner
of diffusion_ of the different passions and emotions, in order to
obtain a basis of classification analogous to the arrangement of
the sensations. If what we have already advanced on that subject be
at all well founded, this is the genuine turning point of the
method to be chosen, for the same mode of diffusion will always be
accompanied by the same mental experience, and each of the two
aspects would identify, and would be evidence of, the other. There
is, therefore, nothing so thoroughly characteristic of any state of
feeling as the nature of the diffusive wave that embodies it, or
the various organs specially roused into action by it, together
with the manner of the action. The only drawback is our comparative
ignorance, and our inability to discern the precise character of
the diffusive currents in every case; a radical imperfection in the
science of mind as constituted at present.
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