Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 2 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy
Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative; Vol. 2 of 3: Library Edition (1891), Containing Seven Essays not before Republished, and Various other Additions.
Spencer, Herbert
Philosophy; Political science; Science
coexistent, or as occupying Space—the division called Geometry. And
then we arrive at relations, the terms of which include both quantities
of Time and quantities of Space—those in which times are estimated by
the units of space traversed at a uniform velocity, and those in which
equal units of time being given, the spaces traversed with uniform or
variable velocities are estimated. {85} These Abstract Sciences,
which are concerned exclusively with relations and with the relations
of relations, may be grouped as shown in Table I.
* * * * *
TABLE I.
ABSTRACT SCIENCE.
Universal law of relation—an expression of the truth that
uniformities of connexion obtain among modes of Being, irrespective
of any specification of the natures of the uniformities of connexion.
Laws of relations
that are qualitative; or that are specified in their natures as
relations of coincidence or proximity in Time and Space, but not
necessarily in their terms the natures and amount of which are
indifferent. (LOGIC.)[4]
that are quantitative (MATHEMATICS)
negatively: the terms of the relations being definitely-related
sets of positions in space; and the facts predicated being the
absences of certain quantities. (_Geometry of Position._[5])
positively: the terms being magnitudes composed of
units that are equal only as having independent existences.
(_Indefinite Calculus._[6])
equal units
the equality of which is not defined as extensive,
protensive, or intensive (_Definite Calculus_)
when their numbers are completely specified (_Arithmetic._)
when their numbers are specified only
in their relations (_Algebra._)
in the relations of their relations. (_Calculus of_
_Operations._)
the equality of which is that of extension
considered in their relations of coexistence. (_Geometry._)
considered as traversed in Time
that is wholly indefinite. (_Kinematics._)
that is divided into equal units (_Geometry of Motion._[7])
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