Brought down thus to the commoner tone of general society, more various subjects were thought worthy of it. Pyreicus anticipated the subjects of the modern Dutch painters, and it should seem with kindred success. The natural desire for novelty, and the anxiety for individual distinction, produced fire-light scenes, pictures of still life and other varieties. Fashion, rather than taste, became the guide of purchasers, and it may truly be said, that the decline of painting began with the Macedonian conquests, which altered the character of the Greeks, and, consequently, of their arts. FOOTNOTES: [118] Herodotus, Terpsichore, c. 22. [119] The judges of the Games. [120] Pausanias does not mention the name of the sculptors who executed either of the three statues of Alexander which were at Olympia. One was raised to him as conqueror in that race called _Hemerodromos_, because a great space is run through in one day; another, dedicated to him by a certain Corinthian, represented him in the character of the son of Jupiter; and the third was an Equestrian statue, a votive offering of the Eleans.--_See the Lists of Votive Statues in the V. and VI. Books._ Lysippus of Sicyon was originally a coppersmith; afterwards a pupil of Eupompus. He cast many statues of Alexander, one of which Nero caused to be gilt, but afterwards washed off the gold. A large composition, representing Alexander hunting with his horses and dogs, was dedicated in the temple of Apollo at Delphi; and Lysippus executed many other statues of Alexander, and of his friends, especially Hephæstion, which were placed in various temples as compliments to the conqueror. Pyrgoteles was of all the Greeks the most renowned engraver of gems. [121] It was unlawful to teach a slave painting, engraving, or embossing.--(Pliny, b. xxxv. 10.) [122] Box tablets, properly prepared, were used for these _diagraphice_. In a future essay I propose to compare these with the tablets used by the school of Giotto, of which we have a minute account in Cennino Cennini’s curious work. [123] It appears that Pamphilus would not undertake to instruct a pupil for a less term of years. [124] If the talent be rightly computed at 193_l._ 15_s._, the pay, in the first case, is enormous; in the last very small. [125] Dr. Franklin, the translator of Lucian, without citing any authority, says, there was a second Apelles, and that the Apelles of Alexander and the Apelles of Ptolemy were different persons. It is evident that Lucian himself meant _the_ great Apelles. And the picture of Calumny has always been ascribed to him; I cannot find any mention elsewhere of a second. [126] In Lilly’s pleasing play of Alexander and Campaspe there is so pretty a song put into the mouth of Apelles that I cannot help copying it.