Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised TranslationWeismann, August
Science
Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised Translation
Weismann, August
Evolution (Biology); Genetics; Reproduction
Götte believes that the natural death of these organisms (which he
rightly calls Homoplastides) consists in ‘the dissolution of the
cell-colony.’ As an example of such dissolution Götte takes Häckel’s
_Magosphaera planula_, a marine free-swimming organism in the form of a
sphere composed of a single layer of ciliated cells, imbedded in a
jelly. (For figure see below.) This organism cannot however be
‘considered as a genuine perfect Polyplastid, for at a certain time the
component cells part from one another and then continue to live
independently in the condition of Monoplastides.’ These free amoebiform
organisms increase considerably in size, encyst, and finally undergo
numerous divisions—a kind of segmentation within the cyst. The result
of the division is a sphere of ciliated cells similar to that with
which the cycle began. In fact, _Magosphaera_ is not a perfect
Polyplastid, but a transitional form between Polyplastides and
Monoplastides, as the discoverer of the group of animals of which it is
the only representative, indicated, when he named the group
‘Catallacta.’
[Illustration: Development of Magosphaera Planula (after Häckel).
1. Encysted amoeboid form. 2 and 3. Two stages in the division of the
same. 4. Free ciliated sphere, the cells of which are connected by a
gelatinous mass. 5. One of the ciliated cells which has become free
by the breaking up of the sphere. 6. The same in the amoeboid form.
7. The same grown to a larger size.]
According to Götte, the natural death of _Magosphaera_ consists, as in
the undoubted Protozoa, in a process of rejuvenescence by encystment.
The dissolution of the ciliated sphere into single cells ‘cannot be
identical with natural death. For the regular and complete separation
of the _Magosphaera_-cells proves that their individuality has not been
completely subordinated to that of the whole colony, and it proves that
the latter is not completely individualised[69].’
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