Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised TranslationWeismann, August
Science
Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised Translation
Weismann, August
Evolution (Biology); Genetics; Reproduction
At this point it is advisable to return once more to the derivation of
death in the Metazoa from the Orthonectides, as Götte endeavoured to
derive it, when he overlooked the fact that, according to his theory,
natural death is inherited from the Monoplastids and cannot therefore
have arisen anew in the Polyplastids. According to this theory, death
must necessarily have appeared in the lowest Metazoa as a result of the
extrusion of the germ-cells, and by continual repetition must have
become hereditary. We must not however forget that, in this case, the
cause of death is exclusively external, by which I mean that the
somatic cells which remained after the extrusion of the reproductive
cells, were unable to feed any longer or at any rate to an adequate
extent; and that the cause of their death did not lie in their
constitution, but in the unfavourable conditions which surrounded them.
This is not so much a process of natural death as of artificial death,
regularly appearing in each individual at a corresponding period,
because, at a certain time of life, the organism becomes influenced by
the same unfavourable conditions. It is just as if the conditions of
life invariably led to death by starvation at a certain stage in the
life of a certain species. But we know that death arises from purely
internal causes among the higher Metazoa, and that it is anticipated by
the whole organisation as the normal end of life. Hence nothing is
gained by this explanation founded on the Orthonectides, and we should
have to seek further and in a later stage of the development of the
Metazoa, for the internal causes of true natural death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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