Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised TranslationWeismann, August
Science
Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems: Authorised Translation
Weismann, August
Evolution (Biology); Genetics; Reproduction
At first sight this hypothesis seems to be quite reasonable. It is not
only conceivable that particles might proceed from the somatic to the
reproductive cells, but the very nutrition of the latter at the expense
of the former is a demonstration that such a passage actually takes
place. But a closer examination reveals immense difficulties. In the
first place, the molecules of the body devoured are never simply added
to those of the feeding individual without undergoing any change, but
as far as we know, they are really assimilated[38], that is, converted
into the molecules of the latter. We cannot therefore gain much by
assuming that a number of molecules can pass from the growing somatic
cells into the growing reproductive cells, and can be deposited
unchanged in the latter, so that, at their next division, the molecules
are separated to become the somatic cells of the following generation.
How can such a process be conceivable, when the colony becomes more
complex, when the number of somatic cells becomes so large that they
surround the reproductive cells with many layers, and when at the same
time by an increasing division of labour a great number of different
tissues and cells are produced, all of which must originate _de novo_
from a single reproductive cell? Each of these various elements must,
_ex hypothesi_, give up certain molecules to the reproductive cells;
hence those which are in immediate contact with the latter would
obviously possess an advantage over those which are more remote. If
then any somatic cell must send the same number of molecules to each
reproductive cell[39], we are compelled to suspend all known physical
and physiological conceptions, and must make the entirely gratuitous
assumption of an affinity on the part of the molecules for the
reproductive cells. Even if we admit the existence of this affinity,
its origin and means of control remain perfectly unintelligible if we
suppose that it has arisen from differentiation of the complete colony.
An unknown controlling force must be added to this mysterious
arrangement, in order to marshal the molecules which enter the
reproductive cell in such a manner that their arrangement corresponds
with the order in which they must emerge as cells at a later period. In
short, we become lost in unfounded hypotheses.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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