The student is recommended to account to himself carefully for the different tenses used in contrast to one another in the following passages: ll. 4 and 6; 72 and 73; 1058 sqq. and 1073; 1074 to 1082. PASSÉ INDÉFINI. With regard to the third tense, the PASSÉ INDÉFINI, there is no difficulty. It is used: _A_. Precisely like the English compound of the past. E.g., l. 30: _le ciel a-t-il conduit_ . . . = "has heaven brought about. . ." l. 158: _a . . . conduit vos pas_ = "has guided your footsteps." _B_. As a colloquial form of the passe defini in all its uses. E.g., l. 24: _j'ai su trouver_ = "I succeeded in finding." l. 399: . . . _que j'ai laissé plus calme_ = "whom I left . . ." APPENDIX III. _ACTIVE INFINITIVES WITH PASSIVE MEANING_. _Faire_, _laisser_, and a very few verbs of physical perception, such as _voir_, _entendre_, _sentir_, are idiomatically used before an active infinitive which assumes a passive meaning. E.g., _J'ai fait faire un habit_, "I have had a coat made." These constructions are due to the dropping of the obvious subject of the infinitive ("I made [the tailor] make a coat") which must be supplied in order to account for the form. E.g., Esth. l. 9: . . . _je te fais chercher_ = _que je fais [mes esclaves] te chercher. l. 146: _Quand verrai-je relever tes remparts_ = _quand verrai-je [tes fils] relever tes remparts_. l. 386: _Sa voix s'est fait entendre_ = _sa voix a fait [nous] entendre elle-même_. l. 731: _laissant de ses eaux partager le secours_ = _laissant [cette main] partager le secours de ses eaux_. For other instances of this construction, see ll. 110, 181, 394, 407, 523. This construction is possible in English: . . . "for whose sake Artemis let slay the boar" (Swinburne, Argument of "Atalanta in Calydon.") NOTE. It should be borne in mind that, should the subject of the infinitive be expressed, whenever the infinitive is _transitive_, that subject may (and if the first verb is _faire_, must) be put in the dative case, or in the oblique case with _par_. Thus in l. 52, _Il me fit d'un empire accepter l'espérance_, _me_ is dative and not accusative. Similarly in l. 1280, _Il nous fait remporter une illustre victoire_, _nous_ is dative. APPENDIX IV. QUE, _CONJUNCTIVE AND ADVERBIAL_. The interrogative pronouns are _Qui?_ = "Who?" or "Whom?" and _quoi?_ = "What?" the latter having the conjunctive form _que_, which, as is the case with all conjunctives, must be used in preference to the disjunctive form, if possible. i. The CONJUNCTIVE QUE is used: _A_. Instead of accusative _quoi_: Esth. l. 161: _Que nous annoncez-vous?_ l. 593: _Que penses-tu?_ Also ll. 637, 675, 762, 1078, 1104, etc. In _Que sert?_ (ll. 874 and 333), the _que_ is probably the accus. conjunctive, due to a confusion in the construction of _servir_. (See N. to l. 259) _B_. Instead of nominative _quoi_, when followed by the formal subject _ce_ or _il_. E.g., _Qu'est-ce? Qu'est-ce que c'est?_ etc.