Esth. l. 596: _Que sont-ils?_ l. 713: _Que vous semble?_ ( = _Que vous semble-t-il?_) ii. QUE is used ADVERBIALLY: _A_. As an interrogative = "why," followed by _ne_ and no _pas_. E.g. Esth. l. 558: _Que n'a-t-il plus tôt demandé son salaire?_ Also, but very rarely, in the affirmative. E.g., l. 523: _Que tardez-vous?_ _B_. As an exclamative = "how!" E.g., l. 465: _Que ce temps est long à mon impatience!_ Also ll. 691, 735, 946. _C_. As a relative of time = "when." E.g., l. 569: _Sur le point que la vie_, etc. APPENDIX V. EN. Reference to the derivation of this word will do much to remove the difficulty attending a clear understanding of its various functions. i. EN, _PREPOSITION_, from the Latin _in_, offers no stumbling-block save in its second use = "as" or "like." Eg., Esth. l. 1192: _on va donner en spectacle_ = "as a spectacle." l. 174; _il nous croit en horreur_ = "he thinks us an object of horror." Cf. also l. 246 and l. 1177. In Corneille's "Le Cid" (l. 318) _vivre en infâme_ = "to live [as] an infamous man." ii. EN, _CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUN_, from the Latin _inde_ ("hence," "from that," etc.) is used: _A_. As an ordinary genitive = "of" or "from it, him," "her," "them," etc. _B_. As a partitive accusative; as we might say in English: "I will take of that." These two uses are too frequent to require illustration. _C_. With the force of "on account of that," "for that," when it is not always to be translated in English. E.g., Esth. l. 234: _Nous n'en verrons pas moins_, etc. = "none the less [for that]." Cf. also l. 630. l. 934: . . . _et j'en frémis = "I shudder at the sight," lit., "because of this," viz., because this man is Haman. l. 1082: _Les Juifs . . . en poussèrent des cris_, i.e. on account of this promise of mildness given by the king. _D_. In a number of expressions where, from constant use, it has become, so to speak, stereotyped: E.g., l. 1144: _J'en atteste_ = "I call to witness [for the truth of this] . . ." l. 1162: _C'en est fait_ = "It is all over [with my pride]." Cf. l. 164, where _c'en est fait d'Israël_ would be equally correct. l. 820: _Il n'en est pas ainsi de_ = "such is not the case with." _E_. In a few semi-idiomatic expressions, with a generalizing force due to the broadening of the meaning "on account of this," "in this matter," into that of "in any matter." Eg., l. 375: _on s'en peut reposer sur ma foi_ = "I am ever to be trusted." Cf. _Si vous m'en croyez_ = "If you will be guided by me." NOTE. This generalization mainly results in a figurative force; E.g., _En venir à_ = "to be reduced to;" _en passer par là_ = "to have to submit to that." VOCABULARY A