All the histories of philosophy treat the theoretical side; among them may be mentioned Gompérz (_Greek Thinkers_, 1900-05), Zeller (_Socrates_; _Plato_; _Aristotle_; _Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics_), Windelband, Benn (_Philosophy of Greece_, 1898, chs. i., v.). On the Moral Consciousness: Schmidt, _Ethik der alten Griechen_, 1882. On the social conditions and theories: Pöhlmann, _Geschichte des antiken Kommunismus und Sozialismus_, 1893-1901; Döring, _Die Lehre des Sokrates als sociales Reformsystem_, 1895. On the religion: Farnell, _Cults of the Greek States_, 3 vols., 1896; Rohde, _Psyche_, 1894. On Political Conditions and Theory: Newman, Introd. to _Politics of Aristotle_, 1887; Bradley, _Aristotle's Theory of the State in Hellenica_; Wilamovitz-Möllendorf, _Aristotle und Athen_, 1900. On Nature and Law of Nature: Ritchie, _Natural Rights_, 1895; Burnet, _Int. Journal of Ethics_, vii., 1897, pp. 328-33; Hardy, _Begriff der Physis_, 1884; Voigt, _Die Lehre vom jus naturale_, 1856-75. General: Denis, _Histoire des Théories et des Idées Morales dans l'Antiquité_, 1879; Taylor, _Ancient Ideals_, 1900; Caird, _Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philosophers_, 1904; Janet, _Histoire de la Science Politique dans ses Rapports avec la Morale_, 1887; Grote, _History of Greece_, 4th ed., 1872; _Plato and the Other Companions of Socrates_, 1888. FOOTNOTES: [64] Cf. Xenophon's account of the impressive appeal of Clearchus: "For, first and greatest, the oaths which we have sworn by the gods forbid us to be enemies to each other. Whoever is conscious of having transgressed these,--him I could never deem happy. For if one were at war with the gods, I know not with what swiftness he might flee so as to escape, or into what darkness he might run, or into what stronghold he might retreat and find refuge. For all things are everywhere subject to the gods, and the gods rule all everywhere with equity."--_Anabasis_, II., v. [65] _Republic_, I., 343. [66] _Republic_, II., 365. [67] _Republic_, II., 365. [68] _Republic_, I., 343 f. [69] Windelband, _History of Philosophy_, p. 86. [70] _Politics_, I., ii. Welldon's translation. [71] _Politics_, I., ii. Welldon's translation. [72] _Ethics_, VIII., i.; IX., vi. [73] _Republic_, V., 473. [74] _Ibid._, IX., 592. [75] _Gorgias_, 491 ff. [76] _Republic_, IX., 589 f. [77] _Republic_, IX., 581 f. [78] _Ethics_, X., ii.-iv.