Much of the literature at the close of Chapters II. and III., particularly the works of Spencer and Gillen and Schurtz, belongs here also. Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes_, 1851-57; Eastman, _Indian Boyhood_, 1902. Papers on various cults of North American Indians in reports of the _Bureau of Ethnology_, by Stevenson, 8th, 1886-87; Dorsey, 11th, 1889-90; Fewkes, 15th, 1893-94, 21st, 1899-1900; Fletcher, 22nd, 1900-01; Stevenson, 23d, 1901-02; Kidd, _Savage Childhood_, 1906; _The Essential Kaffir_, 1904; Skeat, _Malay Magic_, 1900; N. W. Thomas, general editor of Series, _The Native Races of the British Empire_, 1907-; Barton, _A Sketch of Semitic Origins_, 1902; Harrison, _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_, 1903; Reinach, _Cultes, Mythes et Religions_, 2 vols., 1905; Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, 3 vols., 1900; Marett, _Is Taboo Negative Magic?_ in Anthropological Essays, presented to E. B. Tylor, 1907; Crawley, _The Mystic Rose_, 1902; Spencer, _Sociology_, 1876-96; Clifford, _On the Scientific Basis of Morals_ in Lectures and Essays, 1886; Maine, _Early History of Institutions_, 1888; _Early Law and Custom_, 1886; Post, _Die Grundlagen des Rechts und die Grundzüge seiner Entwicklungsgeschichte_, 1884; _Ethnologische Jurisprudenz_, 1894-95; Pollock and Maitland, _History of English Law_, 1899; Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwicklung der Strafe_, 1894. FOOTNOTES: [23] W. G. Sumner, _Folkways_. [24] Sumner, _Folkways_, p. 6. [25] _Ibid._, p. 11. [26] Bagehot, _Physics and Politics_, p. 103. [27] Eastman, _Indian Boyhood_, p. 31. [28] Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Part I., p. 16. Hume pointed out this twofold basis of approval. [29] Seebohm, _The Tribal System of Wales_, p. 59. [30] The account is based on Spencer and Gillen, _The Native Tribes of Central Australia_, chs. vii.-ix. [31] Maine's _Early Law and Custom_, p. 264. [32] _Welsh Triads_, cited by Seebohm, op. cit., p. 72. [33] Post, _Grundlagen des Rechts_, pp. 45 ff. [34] Deuteronomy 21:1-9; Numbers 35:33, 34. [35] Genesis 4:10-12; Job 16:18. [36] On the subject of early justice Westermarck, _The Origin and Development of Moral Ideas_, ch. vii. ff.; Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Part I., ch. ii.; Pollock and Maitland, _History of English Law_. [37] Leviticus, ch. xii. [38] "The Influence of Magic on Social Relationships" in _Sociological Papers_, II., 1905. Cf. also Morgan, _House-life_. [39] Genesis 19:8; Judges 19:23, 24. [40] Psalms 146:9; Deuteronomy 24:14-22. [41] Gellius, in Westermarck, op. cit., p. 155. [42] Westermarck regards this as one of the fundamental elements in the beginnings of morality. CHAPTER V FROM CUSTOM TO CONSCIENCE; FROM GROUP MORALITY TO PERSONAL MORALITY § 1. CONTRAST AND COLLISION