It must not be supposed that the moral process stops at the points indicated under the several divisions of this last section. As already stated, if the people really works out a higher type of conscious and personal morality, it means not only a more powerful individual, but a reconstructed individual and a reconstructed society. It means not only the disintegration of the old kinship or family group, which is an economic, political, and religious unity as well. It means the construction of a new basis for the family; new moral principles for business; a distinct political state with new means for government, new conceptions of authority and liberty; finally, a national or universal religion. And the individual must on this higher level choose all these voluntarily. More than this: as he chooses in the presence of the new conflicting ends presented by individualism, he sets up or adopts a standard for himself. He thinks definitely of what is "good" and "right." As he recognizes its claim, he is responsible as well as free. As he identifies himself heartily with it, he becomes sincerely and genuinely moral. Reverence, duty, and love for what is good become the quickening emotions. Thoughtfulness, self-control, aspiration toward an ideal, courageous venturing in its achievement, kindness and justice, become the dominant temper, or at least are recognized as the temper that should be dominant. The conception of moral character and moral personality is brought to consciousness. The development of the Hebrews and Greeks will show how these positive values emerge. LITERATURE _Kant's Principles of Politics_, tr. by Hastie, 1891, especially the essay _The Idea of a Universal Cosmopolitical History_; Hegel, _Philosophy of History_, tr. by Sibree, 1881; Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, 1871, 1882-87; Schurman, _The Ethical Import of Darwinism_, 1888; Seth, _The Evolution of Morality_, Mind, XIV., 1889, pp. 27-49; Williams, _A Review of Systems of Ethics founded on the Theory of Evolution_, 1893; Harris, _Moral Evolution_, 1895; Tufts, _On Moral Evolution_, in Studies in Philosophy and Psychology (_Garman Commemorative Volume_), 1906; Ihering, _Der Kampf ums Recht_; Simcox, _Natural Law_, 1877; Sorley, _Ethics of Naturalism_, 1885. FOOTNOTES: [43] 1 Sam. 8:19, 20. [44] _Psychology_, Vol. I., ch. x. [45] _Ibid._, p. 293 f. [46] James, _Psychology_, I., 316. [47] _Idea of a Universal Cosmopolitical History._ CHAPTER VI THE HEBREW MORAL DEVELOPMENT § 1. GENERAL CHARACTER AND DETERMINING PRINCIPLES