Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442Murdoch, John
History
Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442
Murdoch, John
Eskimos -- Alaska -- Barrow, Point, Region
For shooting gulls, geese, and other large fowl they used an arrow
with a straight polygonal pile of walrus ivory, 5 or 6 inches long and
about one-half inch in diameter, terminating in a somewhat obtuse
polygonal point, and having one or more unilateral barbs. These piles
are generally five-sided, though sometimes trihedral, and have a long,
rounded tang inserted into the end of the shaft. Fig. 189_a_
(No. 89349 [119] from Utkiavwĭñ), represents one of these arrows with
a five-sided pile 5.5 inches long, with four simple barbs. The rest of
the arrow does not differ from the others described. No. 89238 [25],
from Nuwŭk, has a trihedral pile 6.6 inches long, with a single barb.
Another from Nuwŭk (No. 89241 [25]) has a trihedral pile 5.3 inches
long, with two barbs, and one from Utkiavwĭñ (No. 89241 [119]) has a
five-sided pile with three barbs. The remaining three, from Sidaru,
all have five-sided piles with one barb.
Arrows of this pattern are called tuga´lĭñ (from tu´ga, walrus ivory).
There are also in the collection two small arrows of this pattern
suited for a boy’s bow. They are only 25 inches long, and have roughly
trihedral sharp-pointed ivory piles about 4 inches long, without
barbs. (No. 89904_a_ [786] from Utkiavwĭñ). These arrows are new and
rather carelessly made, and were intended for the lad’s bow (No. 89904
[786]) already described. The three kinds of arrows which have been
described all have the pile secured to the stele by a tang fitting
into a cleft or hole in the end of the latter, which is kept from
splitting by whipping it with sinew for about one-half inch.
The fourth kind, the blunt bird arrow (kĭ´xodwain), on the other hand,
has the pile cleft to receive the wedge-shaped tip of the stele and
secured by a whipping of sinew. The four arrows of this kind in the
collection are almost exactly alike, except that three of them,
belonging to the set from Sidaru, have three feathers. Fig. 189_b_,
No. 72773 [234_c_] from Sidaru represents the form of arrow. The pile
is of hard bone 2.3 inches long. A little rim at each side of the butt
keeps the whipping of sinew from slipping off. The rest of the arrow
differs from the others described only in having the end of the stele
chamfered down to a wedge-shaped point to fit into the pile.
[Illustration: FIG. 189.--Arrows: (_a_) fowl arrow (tugalĭñ); (_b_)
bird arrow (kixodwain).]
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