Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442Murdoch, John
History
Ethnological results of the Point Barrow expedition: Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1888, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1892, pages 3-442
Murdoch, John
Eskimos -- Alaska -- Barrow, Point, Region
An improvement on this style of dart, which appears to be less common,
has two prongs at the tip instead of a sharp head, so that the bird
may be caught if struck on the neck with the point of the spear. No.
89905 [1326], Fig. 199, from Utkiavwĭñ, is one of this pattern. The
two prongs are fastened on with a lashing of fine sinew braid. The
rest of the dart does not differ from the one described except in the
method of attaching the three prongs at the middle (Fig. 199_b_).
These are fitted into slight grooves in the wood and secured by two
neat lashings of narrow strips of whalebone, one just above a little
ridge at the lower end of each prong and one through little holes in
each prong at the top of the oblique edge. Each lashing consists of
several turns with the end closely wrapped around them. There is one
specimen, No. 89242 [526], in the collection which not only has not
the prongs at the middle, but lacks the enlargement of the shaft to
receive them. The head is undoubtedly old and genuine, but the shaft
and fittings, though dirty, look suspiciously fresh. I am inclined to
believe that this head was mounted for sale by a man who had no prongs
ready made, and was in too much of a hurry to get his price to stop to
make them. Imperfect or unfinished objects were frequently offered for
sale.
The bird darts used at Point Barrow, and by the western Eskimo
generally, are lighter and better finished than those used in the
east. The latter have a heavy shaft, which is four-sided in Baffin
Land, and the prongs are crooked and clumsy.[N319]
[Footnote N319: See Crantz’s figure referred to above; also one in
Parry’s second voyage, Pl. opposite p. 550, Fig. 19, and Rink,
Tales., etc., Pl. opposite p. 12.]
Fig. 200, No. 89380 [793], is a fragment of a very ancient narwhal
ivory spearhead, dark brown from age and shiny from much handling,
which appears to have been worn as an amulet. It was said to have come
from the east and to belong to a bird dart, though it does not
resemble any in use at the present day in this region. It is a slender
four-sided rod, having on one side three short oblique equidistant
simple barbs. The resemblance of this specimen to the bone dart heads
from Scania figured by Dr. Rau[N320] is very striking.
[Illustration: FIG. 200.--Ancient ivory dart head. 1/2]
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