[62] A _cruzada_ was a licence granted by papal dispensation, allowing the eating of eggs and milk on certain days. This licence was sold by the King, and to induce people to purchase it, every one was forced to buy these articles whether they ate them or no. An _excusado_ was the tithe upon one holding in each parish in Spain, granted to the King. [63] There were other possible claimants--Emanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, and the sons of Alexander Farnese, who could claim through the female line, but did not do so. Even Catherine de’ Medici affected to base her title on descent from a distant King of Portugal, but did not at this time urge it. The question of the succession, and the close relationship between the royal families of Spain and Portugal will be best understood from the following table:-- { Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. =Emanuel of Portugal= = { Mary, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. | { Eleanor, sister of Charles V. | +-----------------+------+----------+-----------+ | | | | =John III.= = Catherine, Lewis, =Henry, Isabella = Charles V. 1521-1557. | sister of Duke of Cardinal=, | | Charles V. Beja. 1578-1580. | | . | +--+-------+ ................. | | | . | Philip II. = Mary Emanuel = Joanna, Antonio, | of Spain. John, | sister of Prior of | +1554. | Philip II. Crato, the | | Pretender. | =Sebastian=, | 1557-1578. +-----------+ | | =Philip II.= Joanna = Emanuel John. [64] The others were:-- 1. The Hazienda, for the administration of the revenue, and for the trial of cases concerning it. 2. The Council of The Orders, for the administration of the three Military Orders of St. Iago, Calatrava, Alcantara. 3. The Camera, originally a section of the Council of Castile, subsequently became practically a separate council. 4. The Council of War. 5, 6, 7, 8. The Councils of Aragon, Italy, Flanders, and Portugal. That of Portugal was created after the conquest of that country. That of Flanders soon ceased to be of much importance. 9. The Council of Indies, for the general administration of the Indies, and for the trial of cases, civil and ecclesiastical, arising thence.