[=tenebrosa=, Q. P. campan. cracked into squamules, umber; s. fibrillosely striate, blackish olive, apex whitish; sp. 7-8 long. =deglubens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. torn into adpressed fibrils, disc rather scaly, rufous bay then yellowish; g. dingy then cinnamon; s. 4-6 cm. solid, pallid, apex with dark scurf; sp. 10 x 6. Differs from _I. lacera_ in dark scurfy apex of s. =obscura=, Pers. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. longitudinally fibrillose, disc scaly, blue then fuscous; g. olive then brown; s. 3-4 cm. fibrillose, brownish violet; sp. 9-10 x 5-6. var. _rufus_, Pat. P. brownish rufous, g. ventricose, violet. [=Gaillardii=, Gill. P. convex then exp. umbo and around scurfy, margin torn, reddish rusty; g. crowded, free, broad, colour of p.; s. slender, paler than p.; sp. globose with long slender spines. [=calospora=, Q. P. minutely squamulose, brownish; g. milk-white; s. slender, slightly bulbous, pruinose, whitish rufous; sp. glob. strongly aculeate, 10. [=hirtella=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. edge soon splitting, yellowish straw-colour, densely covered with darker pilose scales; g. adnate, whitish then fuscescent, edge white-mealy; s. white becoming tinged straw-colour with a subterranean subbulbous base; sp. 10-12 x 6. Allied to _I. calospora_, Q. =echinata=, Roth. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. pulverulent then scaly, silky, dingy brownish yellow; g. nearly or quite free, deep rose to blood-red; s. 3-5 cm. floccosely pulverulent up to imperfect ring, dull red, hollow; sp. 5 x 3. C. RIMOSI. _Pileus longitudinally fibrillose, soon cracked, often adpressedly scaly; stem whitish, paler than pileus, fibrillose._ =schista=, Cke. and Sm. P. 4-7 cm. campan. broadly subumb. cracking longitudinally, fibrillose, bay brown; g. adnate, rufous, edge pale, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. stout, equal, twisted, solid, paler than p.; sp. ----. =fibrosa=, Sow. P. 7-9 cm. campan. umbo broad, silky, even then cracked, edge wavy, pallid; g. free, crowded, dingy ochre, edge uneven; s. 4-12 cm. solid, narrowed upwards, striate, flocculosely scaly above; sp. slightly rough, 12-14 x 6. _I. perlata_ differs in darker p. and smooth sp. =phaeocephala=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. umb. wavy, squamulose, bay then sooty; g. free, arcuate, umber; s. 5-7 cm. solid, somewhat bulbous; colour of p. above, below white and downy; sp. 6 x 4. [=jurana=, Pat. P. umb. cracked and torn, fibrillose, rather squamulose towards the edge, reddish violet, disc deep violet; g. broad, ochraceous; s. tall, fibrous, apex pruinose, violet downwards; sp. 10 x 6. =fastigiata=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-campan. longitudinally fibrous and cracked, edge often lobed, yellow brown; g. free, fuscous-olive; s. 6-9 cm. solid, stout, rather twisted, silky-fibrous; sp. rough, 8-10 x 6-8. _I. pyriodora_ differs in smell and reddish flesh.