18. =Spartacō=: Spartacus was a Thracian by birth, and had been taken prisoner and sold to a trainer of gladiators. His character has been maligned by the Roman writers. “Accident made Spartacus a shepherd, a freebooter, and a gladiator; nature formed him a hero.” 19. =ludō=: ‘the gladiatorial school.’ The gladiators were mostly slaves, and were the property of the individuals who trained them and leased them for the games. This school belonged to Lentulus. 20. =paene nōn levius=: ‘not much lighter.’ 22. =armātōrum=: many slaves joined them. 23. =victī sunt in Āpūliā=: they were conquered on the river Silarus, which flows between Lucania and Campania. Spartacus was slain in the battle. CH. 8. 27. =duo=: nominative masculine, agreeing with _Lūcullī_. PAGE 54. 7. =Mithradātēs fugātus est=: if the Roman soldiers had been able to restrain their eagerness for plunder and had followed Mithradates rapidly, he would have been captured. 10. =Tigrāne=: Tigranes, king of Armenia, was the son-in-law of Mithradates. Although at first he refused to aid Mithradates, later the insolence of Lucullus’ envoys caused him to change his policy and take a hand in the war. CH. 9. 13. =hostem fugātum=: ‘the enemy who had fled.’ Often it is best to translate a participle by a clause. 14. =Tigrānocertam=: the capital of Tigranes. 16. =clībanāriīs=: this is the only place in Eutropius where this word is found. It is post-classical, and is used by only two writers besides Eutropius. 19. =Nisibīn=: he was directing his march to Artaxata, but the mutiny of his soldiers caused him to turn aside to Nisibis, the capital of Mesopotamia, and take up his winter quarters there. 20. =hī=: his lieutenants, Fannius and Triarius. They had been defeated at Cabira and Zela. 22. =neglegenter … agentēs=: ‘conducting themselves carelessly and greedily.’ 24. =bellum renovātum est=: the Romans were now exactly where they were at the breaking out of the war, Pontus and Cappadocia were overrun by Mithradates, and the results of eight years’ warfare were lost. PAGE 55. CH. 11. 12. =bellum Crēticum=: the war was in reality directed against the pirates who made Crete their headquarters. CH. 12. 20. =Cn. Pompēiō=: by the Gabinian law Pompey was invested with absolute authority, both by sea and by land, as far as fifty miles into the interior, over the whole eastern Mediterranean for three years. =quod … cōnfēcit=: in the space of forty days he had swept the whole western tract of the Mediterranean Sea, and had driven the enemy into the opposite quarter. He drove the pirates from the sea, and compelled them to take refuge in their strongholds in the Cilician coast. These he speedily surrounded and captured. He burnt over 1300 of their vessels, and destroyed all their hostile magazines and arsenals. In ninety days he had terminated the contest. 22. =eī … Tigrānēn=: by the Manilian law the authority he had already wielded against the pirates was extended over all the East.