7. =annum … aetātis=: lit. ‘passing the twentieth year of his life’ ＝ ‘being twenty years of age’; cf. _decem et octō annōs nātus_, Bk. I, 1. 10. =mīsērunt=: sc. _lēgātōs_. =ut mandārētur=: lit. ‘that it might be commanded’ ＝ ‘that instructions might be given.’ 11. =dūra respōnsa=: the story is told that when Q. Fabius, the chief of the embassy, held up his toga, saying, ‘I carry here peace and war: choose ye which ye will have.’ ‘Give us which ever you please,’ replied the Carthaginians. ‘War, then,’ said Fabius; and the decision was greeted by the short-sighted acclamations of the masses. 13. =adficiuntur=: historical Present. CH. 8. 15. =in Hispāniam=: cf. _Rōmam_, Ch. 2. 16. =Ti. Semprōnius=: sc. _Longus_. 17. =Alpēs=: there is a disagreement as to the pass by which Hannibal entered Italy. Probably he crossed by the Little St. Bernard pass, and came into Italy near the present town of Aosta. Creighton, p. 41; _Rome and Carthage_, p. 118. 19. =LXXX mīlia peditum=: the number of the forces of Hannibal given here is taken from L. Cincius Alimentus, a Roman annalist. He was captured by Hannibal, and so had excellent opportunities for gaining information. 21. =Semprōnius Gracchus=: a mistake of Eutropius. It was Ti. Sempronius Longus. In the next chapter it should be _Semprōnius Longus_ instead of _Semprōnius Gracchus_. CH. 9. 23. =P. Cornēlius Scīpiō=: at the beginning of the war he set out for Spain, Ch. 8, but finding that Hannibal had already left and was on his way to Italy, he went to Gaul to encounter the Carthaginian before he should cross the Alps. Hannibal was too quick for him. Scipio returned to Italy and awaited the arrival of the Carthaginians in Cisalpine Gaul. Near the river Ticinus, one of the northern tributaries of the Po, the first engagement of the war took place. The Romans were defeated; Scipio received a severe wound, and was only saved from death by the courage of his son Publius, the future conqueror of Hannibal. P. Scipio and his brother Gnaeus were killed in Spain, Ch. 14. _Rome and Carthage_, p. 127; Creighton, p. 43. PAGE 30. 1. =apud Trebiam amnem=: the Trebia is a small stream flowing into the Po from the south. For an account of the battle see _Rome and Carthage_, p. 130; Creighton, p. 43. 2. =multī … dēdidērunt=: it was Hannibal’s policy to encourage the communities subject to Rome to revolt and to attach themselves to his standard. Everywhere he proclaimed himself to be the ‘Liberator of Italy.’