Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of NatureWilliams, Henry Smith
Science
Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of Nature
Williams, Henry Smith
Industrial arts; Machinery
Marvelous it surely seems. Yet the cause of our astonishment is to be
sought in the relative newness of the phenomena rather than in the
nature of the phenomena themselves. At first glance it may seem that
the intangible character of the electrical power gives it a unique
claim on our wonderment. But a moment's reflection dispels this
illusion. After all, electricity is no more intangible than heat.
Neither the one nor the other can be seen or heard, but each alike may
be felt. Yet we observe without astonishment a locomotive propelled
by the power of heat--simply because the locomotive has become an old
story. Again, electricity is far less intangible than gravitation.
Not merely may electricity be felt, but it may be generated through
transformation of other forms of energy; it may be stored away and
measured; may be conducted at will through tortuous channels, or
obstructed in its flight by the intervention of non-conductors. But
gravitation submits to no such restrictions. It eludes all of our
senses, and it absolutely disregards all barriers. To its catholic
taste all substances are alike. It holds in bondage every particle of
matter in the universe, and can enforce its influence over every kind
of atom with an impartiality that is as astounding as it is inexorable.
Moreover, this weird force, gravitation, has thus far evaded all man's
efforts to classify or label it. No man has the slightest inkling as
to what gravitation really is. If, as you glance at these lines, you
should chance to release your hold and allow the volume to drop to the
floor, you will have performed a miracle which no scientist in the
world can even vaguely explain.
As regards our electric train, then, the fact that it stands there
firmly, held fast to the rails by gravitation, is in reality as great
and as inexplicable a marvel as the fact that the electric current
gives it propulsion. Not only so, but the fact that the train goes
forward of its own inertia, as we say, for a time after the current
is shut off, presents to us yet another inexplicable marvel. It is a
fundamental property of matter, we say, when once in motion to continue
in motion until stopped by some counter-force; but that phrasing,
expressive though it be of a fact upon which so many physical phenomena
depend, is in no proper sense of the word an explanation.
Once for all, then, there is nothing unique, nothing preternaturally
marvelous, about the phenomena of electricity. And indeed, it is
interesting to note how quickly we become accustomed to these
phenomena, and how little wonder they excite so soon as they cease
to be novel. Even imaginative people have long since ceased to give
thought to the trolley car; and within a week of the opening of New
York's subway the average man came to regard it as much as a matter of
course as if he had been accustomed to it from boyhood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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