Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of NatureWilliams, Henry Smith
Science
Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of Nature
Williams, Henry Smith
Industrial arts; Machinery
"When pieces of charcoal about an inch long and one-sixth of an inch in
diameter were brought near each other (within the thirtieth or fortieth
of an inch)," wrote Davy in describing this experiment, "a bright
spark was produced, and more than half the volume of charcoal became
ignited to whiteness; and, by withdrawing the points from each other, a
constant discharge took place through the heated air, in a space equal
to at least four inches, producing a most brilliant ascending arch of
light, broad and conical in form in the middle. When any substance was
introduced into this arch, it instantly became ignited; platina melted
in it as readily as wax in a common candle; quartz, the sapphire,
magnesia, lime, all entered into fusion; fragments of diamond and
points of charcoal and plumbago seemed to evaporate in it, even when
the connection was made in the receiver of an air-pump; but there was
no evidence of their having previously undergone fusion. When the
communication between the points positively and negatively electrified
was made in the air rarefied in the receiver of the air-pump, the
distance at which the discharge took place increased as the exhaustion
was made; and when the atmosphere in the vessel supported only
one-fourth of an inch of mercury in the barometrical gauge, the sparks
passed through a space of nearly half an inch; and, by withdrawing the
points from each other, the discharge was made through six or seven
inches, producing a most brilliant coruscation of purple light; the
charcoal became intensely ignited, and some platina wire attached to
it fused with brilliant scintillations and fell in large globules upon
the plate of the pump. All the phenomena of chemical decomposition were
produced with intense rapidity by this combination."
It will be seen from this that as far as the actual lighting-part of
Davy's apparatus was concerned, it was completely successful. But the
source of the current--the most essential part of the apparatus--was
such that even the wealthy could hardly afford to indulge in it as a
luxury. The initial cost of two thousand cells was only a small item of
expense compared with the cost of maintaining them in working order,
and paying skilled operators to care for them. So that for the moment
no practical results came from this demonstration, conclusive though
it was, and the introduction of a commercial electric light was of
necessity deferred until a cheaper method of generating electricity
should be discovered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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