Perhaps it may be said that if Mill's Psychological Theory of Mind and Matter is not satisfactory, neither is the theory of the direct apprehension of reality wholly consistent with itself. It affirms the direct apprehension of reality, yet on examination the direct apprehension turns out to be an inference. Thus: things must have an existence different from our sensations because they produce their effects, and therefore exist, in our absence. The reply is simple. Unless we believed the effects, which we do perceive, to be real things, we should not infer the causes, which we do not perceive, to be real either. Common sense believes that things _continue_ to exist when we turn our eyes away: their existence beyond the range of observation is an inference from their existence in our observation. Their inferred permanence is deduced from their observed independence. INDEX A Abstraction: 193, 198, 199, 203, 242, 255 Action: 65, 68, 70 Adaptation: 21, 25-30, 186, 204, 206, 219, 221, 252 (_see_ Environment) Agnosticism: 36, 165-76, 202, 218, 237 Anthropomorphism: 51, 52, 55 Ape and tiger, The: 28, 30, 31, 40, 276 Appearance: 67, 266 (_see_ Purpose) Apprehension: 57, 58, 63-70, 295 Approximation to the ideal: 206, 208, 213, 222, 229, 252, 256 (_see_ Ideals, Progress, Purpose) Art, Artist: 207, 209, 244 Assumption: 164-180, 185, 187, 188, 191-6, 221, 222 B Becoming: 78 Being: 78 Belief: 215, 221 (_see_ Will to believe) Berkeley, Bp.: 62, 63, 289-95 Bernard, Claude: 90 Biology: 94, 96, 249-51 C Causation, Law of: 106 (_see_ Universal causation) Causes: 79, 117, 181, 194, 196, 197, 208-10, 224, 244 Chance: 258, 259, 260 Chemical combination: 89, 90, 92, 98 Chemistry: 86, 94 Chess: 163-83, 268 Common consciousness of mankind: 164, 196, 197, 208, 244 Common experience of mankind: 74 Common faith of mankind: 165-72, 184-202, 204, 222, 223, 229, 246, 247 Common sense: 78, 81, 164-8, 173, 229, 249, 253, 289 Comparative method: 7 --Sciences: 105 Conscience: 52, 84 Consciousness: 63-5, 70, 84, 166, 182, 198, 201, 253 (_see_ States of consciousness) Continuity, The law of: 18, 104, 121, 133, 200, 201, 271 Cosmic process: 17, 21, 22, 26, 28-30, 32-5, 51, 53, 60, 81, 222, 224, 284-6, 288 (cf. Ethical process) D Darwin: 7, 261 Demonology: 191 Design: 138, 140, 264, 267 Diversity of Nature: 125, 126, 132, 133 (cf. Uniformity of Nature) Divine Providence: 36, 37 (_see_ Purpose, Divine) E Environment: 25, 28, 219, 221, 222, 232, 252, 263 (_see_ Adaptation), (social) 228, 280 Ethical process, The: 28, 31, 33-5, 47, 48, 60, 191, 219, 221, 286, 287 (cf. Cosmic process) Ethics: 87 Evidence: 138-62, 188, 189, 190, 191, 198, 199, 218, 253 Evil: 226, 227, 228, 287, 288 Existence, Actual and potential: 292, 293 Experience: 6, 64, 67, 145, 146, 153, 192, 197, 198, 202, 222, 223, 251, 253, 256, 261 --(spiritual): 199, 206, 226 Explanation: 75, 126, 241 (_see also_ Science) F