[Footnote 106: _Loc. cit._ (1856), p. 82.] [Footnote 107: _Ibid._ Vol. III p. 159.] [Footnote 108: _Descent of Man_, p. 924.] [Footnote 109: "Die Hautfarbe des Menschen," _Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gessellschaft in Wien_, Vol. XXXIV. pp. 331-352.] [Footnote 110: _Ibid._ p. 947.] [Footnote 111: _Descent of Man_, p. 240.] [Footnote 112: "Das geologische Alter der Pithecanthropus-Schichten bei Trinil, Ost-Java." _Neues Jahrb. f. Mineralogie_. Festband, 1907.] [Footnote 113: _Descent of Man_, p. 82.] [Footnote 114: "La race humaine de Néanderthal ou de Canstatt en Belgique." _Arch. de Biologie_, VII. 1887.] [Footnote 115: Gorjanovič-Kramberger. _Der diluviale Mensch van Krapina in Kroatien_, 1906.] [Footnote 116: _Studien zur Vorgeschichte des Menschen_, 1906, pp. 154 ff.] [Footnote 117: "On the cranial and facial characters of the Neandertal Race." _Trans. R. Soc._ London, vol. 199, 1908, p. 281.] [Footnote 118: Since this essay was written Schoetensack has discovered near Heidelberg and briefly described an exceedingly interesting lower jaw from rocks between the Pliocene and Diluvial beds. This exhibits interesting differences from the forms of lower jaw of _Homo primigenius_. (Schoetensack, _Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis_, Leipzig, 1908.) G. S.] [Footnote 119: _Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley_, Vol. II. p. 394.] [Footnote 120: _Descent of Man_, p. 229.] [Footnote 121: _Loc. cit._] [Footnote 122: Klaatsch in his last publications speaks in the main only of an ancestral form common to men and anthropoid apes.] [Footnote 123: Haeckels latest genealogical tree is to be found in his most recent work, _Unsere Ahnenreihe_. Jena, 1908.] [Footnote 124: Sergi, G. _Europa_, 1908.] [Footnote 125: _See_ Ameghino's latest paper, "_Notas preliminaries sobre el Tetraprothomo argentinus_," etc. _Anales del Museo nacional de Buenos Aires_, XVI. pp. 107-242, 1907.] [Footnote 126: "Nouvelles recherches sur la formation pampéenne et l'homme fossile de la République Argentine." _Rivista del Museo de la Plata_, T. XIV. pp. 193-488.] V CHARLES DARWIN AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST BY ERNST HAECKEL _Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena_ The great advance that anthropology has made in the second half of the nineteenth century is due, in the first place, to Darwin's discovery of the origin of man. No other problem in the whole field of research is so momentous as that of "Man's place in nature," which was justly described by Huxley (1863) as the most fundamental of all questions. Yet the scientific solution of this problem was impossible until the theory of descent had been established.