Is this the last word of human thought? Does not the possibility, that man can do his duty, suppose that the conditions of life allow of continuous ethical striving, so that there is a certain harmony between cosmic order and human ideals? Darwin himself has shown how the consciousness of duty can arise as a natural result of evolution. Moreover there are lines of evolution which have their end in ethical idealism, in a kingdom of values, which must struggle for life as all things in the world must do, but a kingdom which has its firm foundation in reality. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 195: _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, Vol. I. p. 8.] [Footnote 196: _Encyclopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften_ (4th edit.), Berlin, 1845, § 249.] [Footnote 197: _Lehrbuch der Naturphilosophie_, Jena, 1809.] [Footnote 198: _Ueber den Willen in der Natur_ (2nd edit.), Frankfurt a. M., 1854, pp. 41-43.] [Footnote 199: Spencer, _Autobiography_, Vol. II. p. 50, London and New York, 1904.] [Footnote 200: _Autobiography_, Vol. II. p. 100.] [Footnote 201: Cf. my letter to him 1876, now printed in Duncan's _Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer_, p. 178. London, 1908.] [Footnote 202: The present writer, many years ago, in his _Psychology_ (Copenhagen, 1882; Eng. transl. London, 1891), criticised the evolutionistic treatment of the problem of knowledge from the Kantian point of view.] [Footnote 203: _Life and Letters_, Vol. II. p. 37.] [Footnote 204: _Ibid._ p. 232.] [Footnote 205: The new science of Ecology occupies an intermediate position between the biography of species and the biography of individuals. Compare _Congress of Arts and Science_, St. Louis, Vol. V. 1906 (The Reports of Drude and Robinson) and the work of my colleague, E. Warming.] [Footnote 206: Cf. my _History of Modern Philosophy_ (Eng. transl. London, 1900), I. pp. 76-79.] [Footnote 207: "Herrschaft und Knechtschaft," _Phönomenologie des Geistes_, IV. A., Leiden, 1907.] [Footnote 208: _The Descent of Man_, Vol. I. Ch. iii.] [Footnote 209: The works of Westermarck and Hobhouse throw new light on many of these features.] [Footnote 210: New York and London, 1893.] [Footnote 211: Paris, 1879.] [Footnote 212: _English literature and society in the eighteenth century_, London, 1904, p. 187.] [Footnote 213: Cf. my paper, "The law of relativity in Ethics," _International Journal of Ethics_, Vol. I. 1891, pp. 37-62.] [Footnote 214: _Life and Letters_, Vol. I. p. 310.] [Footnote 215: _Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 177.] [Footnote 216: _Life and Letters_, Vol. 1. p. 306.] [Footnote 217: _Life and Letters_, p. 307.] VIII THE INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON RELIGIOUS THOUGHT BY P. N. WAGGETT, M.A., S.S.J.E. I