[187] 'Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres,' Paris, in-8, an. ix. (1801); 'Discours d'Ouverture,' p. 12, &c.; 'Recherches sur l'Organisation des Corps Vivants,' Paris, in-8, 1802, p. 50, &c.; 'Discours d'Ouverture d'un Cours de Zoologie pour l'an ix.,' Paris, in-8, 1803. This discourse is entirely devoted to the consideration of the question, "What is Species?" [188] 'Discours d'Ouverture d'un Cours de Zoologie,' 1806, Paris, in-8, p. 8, &c. [189] See following chapter. [190] 'Hist, des Anim. sans Verteb.,' tom, i., Introduction, 1^re ed., 1815; 'Syst. des Conn. Positives,' Paris, in-8, 1820, 1^re part, 2^me sect. ch. ii. p. 114, &c. [191] 'Hist. Nat. Gen.,' tom. ii. p. 407. [192] 'History of Creation,' English translation, vol. i. pp. 111, 112. [193] M. Martins' edition of the 'Philosophie Zoologique,' Paris, 1873. Introd., p. vi. [194] 'Origin of Species,' p. 3, 1859. [195] 'Vestiges of Creation,' ed. 1860, Proofs, Illustrations, &c., p. lxiv. [196] 'Origin of Species,' ed. 1, p. 239; ed. 6, p. 231. [197] 'Origin of Species,' ed. 1, p. 242; ed. 6, 1876, p. 233. [198] 'Origin of Species,' p. 421, ed. 1876. [199] 'Phil. Zool.,' vol. i. p. 404. [200] Ibid. vol. ii. p. 324. [201] 'Phil. Zool.,' vol. ii. p. 410. [202] 'Les Amours des Plantes,' Discours Prelim., p. 7. Paris, 1800. [203] Ibid., Notes du chant i., p. 202. [204] Ibid. p. 238. [205] 'Zoonomia,' vol. i. p. 507. [206] 'Les Amours des Plantes,' p. 360. [207] Vol. i. p. 231, ed. M. Martins, 1873. CHAPTER XVII. SUMMARY OF THE 'PHILOSOPHIE ZOOLOGIQUE.' The first part of the '_Philosophie Zoologique_' is the one which deals with the doctrine of evolution or descent with modification. It is to this, therefore, that our attention will be confined. Yet only a comparatively small part of the three hundred and fifty pages which constitute Lamarck's first part are devoted to setting forth the reasons which led him to arrive at his conclusions--the greater part of the volume being occupied with the classification of animals, which we may again omit, as foreign to our purpose. I shall condense whenever I can, but I do not think the reader will find that I have left out much that bears upon the argument. I shall also use inverted commas while translating with such freedom as to omit several lines together, where I can do so without suppressing anything essential to the elucidation of Lamarck's meaning. I shall, however, throughout refer the reader to the page of the original work from which I am translating.